Respiratory System Quiz

The respiratory membrane where gas exchange occurs consists of:

• Alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium

• Alveolar macrophages and type II alveolar cells

• Ciliated epithelium and smooth muscle

• Tracheal rings and bronchial cartilage

Which type of alveolar cell secretes surfactant to reduce surface tension in the alveoli?

• Type I alveolar cells

• Type II alveolar cells

• Clara cells

• Goblet cells

During exercise, which of the following changes occur in the respiratory system to meet increased oxygen demand?

• Decreased tidal volume

• Decreased respiratory rate

• Increased alveolar ventilation

• Increased dead space

Which respiratory volume represents the total amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation?

• Tidal volume

• Inspiratory reserve volume

• Expiratory reserve volume

• Residual volume

Which gas is transported in the blood primarily in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)?

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Carbon dioxide

• Hydrogen

Which of the following respiratory volumes cannot be directly measured using spirometry?

• Inspiratory reserve volume

• Expiratory reserve volume

• Residual volume

• Tidal volume

Which of the following substances directly stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors to increase ventilation?

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

• Hydrogen ions (pH)

• Glucose

Which of the following factors primarily determines the rate of oxygen diffusion from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries?

• Partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli

• Thickness of alveolar membrane

• Surface area of alveoli

• Hemoglobin concentration in blood

Which of the following best describes the relationship between lung compliance and the work of breathing?

• Decreased lung compliance increases the work of breathing.

• Increased lung compliance decreases the work of breathing.

• Lung compliance does not affect the work of breathing.

• Lung compliance and the work of breathing are independent variables.

Which of the following factors affects surface tension in the alveoli?

• Production of surfactant

• Elastic recoil of lung tissue

• Diameter of bronchioles

• Compliance of the chest wall