Chapter 1 - Approaches to Human Cognition - 1+2 Subsections

What is an example of cognitive processes influencing social situations and individuals' behavior?

• Schemas help organize and interpret information, but they do not influence social behavior. Laughter at a joke is purely a reaction without any cognitive interpretation.
• Schemas help organize and interpret information, influencing social behavior. For example, laughter at a joke can be a direct response without deeper cognitive processing, leading to various social outcomes.
• Cognitive processes primarily influence internal thoughts, having little impact on social behavior. For example, laughter at a joke is a straightforward reaction without any cognitive interpretation.
• Schemas help organize and interpret information, influencing social behavior. For example, laughter at a joke can be ambiguous, leading to different interpretations and subsequent behaviors.

What is Cognitive Psychology?

• Cognitive Psychology is solely concerned with studying the genetic basis of human behavior.
• Cognitive Psychology studies internal processes like attention, perception, learning, memory, language, problem-solving, and reasoning, focusing less on the brain structure and more on behavioral outcomes.
• Cognitive Psychology mainly focuses on the study of social interactions and the influence of culture on behavior, ignoring internal mental processes.
• Cognitive Psychology studies internal processes like attention, perception, learning, memory, language, problem-solving, reasoning, and thinking, including brain activity and structure.

What is an example of cognitive psychology in action?

• The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) by Frederick (2005) shows how people always rely on slow, analytical thinking (System 2) to avoid errors.
• The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) by Frederick (2005) shows how people often rely on a balanced use of intuitive, fast thinking (System 1) and analytical, slow thinking (System 2), reducing errors.
• The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) by Frederick (2005) shows that people usually rely on detailed analytical thinking (System 2) over quick intuitive thinking (System 1), which prevents errors.
• The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) by Frederick (2005) shows how people often rely on intuitive, fast thinking (System 1) instead of analytical, slow thinking (System 2), leading to errors.

What is the distinction between cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology?

• Cognitive neuroscience studies only brain structures without any focus on behavior or mental processes.
• Cognitive neuroscience studies both the brain and behavior using techniques like MRI, while cognitive psychology focuses on understanding behavioral responses through mental experiments.
• Cognitive neuroscience exclusively studies brain structure through imaging techniques, while cognitive psychology only examines external behaviors without considering brain activity.
• Cognitive neuroscience studies both the brain and behavior using techniques like fMRI, while cognitive psychology focuses on understanding mental processes through behavioral experiments.

What is the cognitive psychology approach to human cognition?

• Cognitive psychology uses only subjective reports to understand perception, learning, memory, and thinking.
• Cognitive psychology uses behavioral evidence to study how people perceive, learn, remember, and think through case studies and theoretical models.
• Cognitive psychology relies on introspective methods to understand how people perceive, learn, remember, and think, rather than using behavioral evidence.
• Cognitive psychology uses behavioral evidence to study how people perceive, learn, remember, and think through experiments and theoretical models.

What is the approach to human cognition from cognitive neuropsychology?

• Cognitive neuropsychology studies the behavior of animals to understand human cognition.
• Cognitive neuropsychology studies brain-damaged patients to understand normal and abnormal cognition, creating a bridge between cognitive psychology and other neuroscience fields.
• Cognitive neuropsychology focuses on understanding cognitive development in children rather than studying brain-damaged patients.
• Cognitive neuropsychology studies brain-damaged patients to understand normal cognition, linking cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience.

What is the approach to human cognition from cognitive neuroscience?

• Cognitive neuroscience focuses solely on the chemical composition of the brain and ignores behavioral evidence.
• Cognitive neuroscience uses behavioral and brain evidence to understand cognition, combining data from techniques like fMRI and behavioral analysis.
• Cognitive neuroscience solely studies the chemical composition of the brain, neglecting the role of behavior in understanding cognition.
• Cognitive neuroscience uses behavioral and brain evidence to understand cognition, integrating data from techniques like fMRI and EEG.

What is the approach to human cognition from Computational Cognitive Science?

• Computational Cognitive Science only studies the impact of social interactions on human cognition.
• Computational Cognitive Science develops models to simulate human cognition, using algorithms to represent and predict mental functions.
• Computational Cognitive Science is primarily concerned with creating computer models that simulate social behavior, rather than human cognition.
• Computational Cognitive Science develops models to simulate human cognition, using algorithms to represent and predict mental processes.

What is Behaviorism, and who is often regarded as its founder?

• Behaviorism, founded by John Watson, focuses on genetic factors and ignores environmental stimuli.
• Behaviorism, founded by John Watson, focuses on observable stimuli and responses, occasionally incorporating simple internal mental processes.
• Behaviorism, established by B.F. Skinner, focuses on the genetic basis of behavior and completely disregards environmental stimuli.
• Behaviorism, founded by John Watson, focuses on observable stimuli and responses, ignoring internal mental processes.

What was the Behaviorists' stance on internal mental processes, and how does it contrast with cognitive psychology?

• Behaviorists focused on internal mental processes as the primary drivers of behavior, ignoring external stimuli.
• Behaviorists ignored internal mental processes, focusing primarily on observable stimuli and responses, whereas cognitive psychologists integrate both internal and external behaviors.
• Behaviorists believed that internal mental processes were the primary drivers of behavior, while cognitive psychologists argue that only observable behavior should be studied.
• Behaviorists ignored internal mental processes, focusing only on observable stimuli and responses. Cognitive psychologists study these internal processes.