Quiz about AP Biology: Gene Regulation Review

Question 1

Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.

Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

Accepted Answer

12%

Answer

24%

Answer

31%

Answer

38%

Question 2

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

hydrogen

Answer

ionic

Answer

covalent

Question 3

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found?

Accepted Answer

A + C = G + T

Answer

A = G and C = T

Question 4

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of these reasons?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.

Answer

Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not.

Question 5

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

the nucleotide sequence of the template strand

Answer

the primase used in the reaction

Question 6

You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). These two classes of DNA probably represent

Accepted Answer

leading strands and Okazaki fragments

Answer

lagging strands and Okazaki fragments.

Question 7

Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication?

Accepted Answer

helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

primase

Question 8

Which of the following covalently connects segments of DNA?

Accepted Answer

ligase

Answer

helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 9

Which of the following synthesizes short segments of RNA?

Accepted Answer

primase

Answer

helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 10

When DNA is compacted by histones into 10 nm and 30 nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity?

Accepted Answer

methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails

Answer

nucleotide excision and reconstruction

Question 11

Based your answer on the figure: A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

Accepted Answer

an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

Answer

an accumulation of A and B and no production of C

Question 12

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following except

Accepted Answer

DNA was the first genetic material.

Answer

a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

Answer

all organisms have a common ancestor.

Answer

the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids.

Question 13

In which of the following actions does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

Answer

RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA.

Question 14

What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

Accepted Answer

exons

Answer

introns

Question 15

Introns are significant to biological evolution because

Accepted Answer

their presence allows exons to be shuffled.

Answer

they protect the mRNA from degeneration.

Question 16

A mutation in which of the following parts of a gene is likely to be most damaging to a cell?

Accepted Answer

exon

Answer

intron

Question 17

Alternative RNA splicing

Accepted Answer

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

Answer

is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.

Question 18

When does translation begin in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

as soon as transcription has begun

Answer

once the pre-mRNA has been converted to mRNA

Question 19

A frameshift mutation could result from

Accepted Answer

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Answer

a base insertion only.

Answer

a base deletion only.

Question 20

What does the operon model attempt to explain?

Accepted Answer

the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria

Answer

the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell

Question 21

The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is

Accepted Answer

turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium

Answer

turned on only when glucose is present in the growth medium.

Question 22

When this is taken up by the cell, it binds to the repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator:

Accepted Answer

inducer

Answer

repressor

Question 23

Muscle cells and nerve cells in one species of animal owe their differences in structure to

Accepted Answer

having different genes expressed.

Answer

having different genes.

Question 24

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

Accepted Answer

have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.

Answer

be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis.

Question 25

This can inhibit transcription by blocking the binding of positively acting transcription factors to the DNA:

Accepted Answer

repressor

Answer

enhancer

Answer

promoter

Question 26

Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in the Figure?

Accepted Answer

a restriction enzyme

Answer

ligase

Question 27

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites

Answer

to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA

Question 28

Which of the following separates molecules by movement due to size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

gel electrophoresis

Answer

gene cloning

Question 29

Restriction fragments of DNA are typically separated from one another by which process?

Accepted Answer

gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Question 30

The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis shown below best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Question 31

The DNA profiles in the figure represent four different individuals. Which of the following statements is consistent with the results?

Accepted Answer

C is the child of A and B.

Answer

B is the child of A and C.

Question 32

Which of the following are characteristics of Prokaryotic DNA? (more than 1 answer applies)

Accepted Answer

Plasmids

Accepted Answer

Single circular strand

Answer

Single linear strand

Answer

Multiple linear strands

Answer

Contains histones

Question 33

Which of the following are characteristics of plasmids? ( more than 1 answer applies)

Accepted Answer

Contain resistance genes

Accepted Answer

Found in prokaryotes

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA strand

Answer

RNA strands

Answer

Found in eukaryotes

Question 34

Which of the following describe the structure of mature RNA? (more than 1 answer applies)

Accepted Answer

Has a poly-A tail and 5' cap

Accepted Answer

Contains Uracil

Accepted Answer

Single stranded

Answer

Contains introns and exons

Answer

Circular strand

Question 35

Which of the following would be transcribed from the following DNA sequence? 3' ATC GAA TTA CGA 5'

Accepted Answer

5' UAG CUU AAU GCU 3'

Answer

5' AUC GAA UUA CGA 3'

Answer

3' UCG UAA UUC UAG 5'

Answer

3' TAG CTT AAT GCT 5'

Answer

5' TAG CTT AAT GCT 3'

Question 36

Which of the following is true of DNA Replication?

Accepted Answer

New DNA strands are being synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Answer

DNA is semi conservative because it creates two new strands of old nucleotide.

Answer

DNA is being synthesized in the 3' to 5' directions from a template strand

Answer

RNA is being synthesized by RNA polymerase in the 5' to 3' direction

Answer

A sense strand is created from a nonsense strand of DNA using RNA polymerase

Question 37

Where does RNA polymerase bind to DNA?

Accepted Answer

at a promoter region

Answer

at an activator site

Answer

on the coding gene sequence

Answer

downstream of the coding sequence

Answer

Where the RNA primer is placed

Question 38

Which of the following occur during RNA processing? (more than 1 answer applies)

Accepted Answer

spliceosomes remove introns

Accepted Answer

exons can be removed

Accepted Answer

a poly-A tail and GTP cap are added

Answer

DNA helicase unzips DNA

Answer

activator sequences initiate transcription

Question 39

Which of the following is a similarity between the process prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms implement for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes for phosphodiester bonds between amino acids

Answer

Transcription takes place in the nucleus, translation takes place in the cytoplasm

Answer

Introns are removed by spliceosomes

Answer

RNA processing adds a cap and tail to the mature RNA strand

Answer

Transcription and translation happen simultaneously

Question 40

Bacterial cells that contain pGal will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of replacing the lacA gene in the E. coli lac operon with the gene encoding pGal?

Accepted Answer

When lacY and lac Z are breaking down and transporting lactose, the bacteria will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light

Answer

lacZ will only produce the enzyme for breaking down galactose in the presence of ultraviolet light

Answer

the repressor enzyme will only be able to bind to the operator under the presence of lactose

Answer

When the regulatory gene is stimulated by lactose, it will cause the gene to fluoresce blue

Answer

All structural genes downstream from the placement of lacA will be inhibited due to this substitution mutation.

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