Pulmonary Circulation

Which Starling force primarily pushes fluid out of the capillary?

• Capillary hydrostatic pressure

• Capillary colloid osmotic pressure

• Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

• Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure

What happens to pulmonary vessels during exercise?

• Decrease in number of capillary openings

• Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure

• Increase in the number of capillary openings (recruitment)

• Decrease in flow rate in capillaries

What is the effect of increased lymph flow in pulmonary oedema safety factor?

• Promotes fluid accumulation

• Reduces fluid accumulation

• Decreases interstitial hydrostatic pressure

• Increases capillary permeability

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

• To provide oxygen to the heart muscles

• To facilitate ventilation and gas exchange

• To circulate hormones throughout the body

• To regulate blood pressure

What is the normal systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery?

• 120 mmHg

• 80 mmHg

• 25 mmHg

• 15 mmHg

Which group of pulmonary hypertension is associated with chronic lung disease?

• Group 1

• Group 2

• Group 3

• Group 4

What mechanism occurs in pulmonary circulation in response to hypoxia?

• Vasodilation

• Vasoconstriction

• Increased cardiac output

• Decreased lymphatic drainage

What can cause blockage of the lymphatic system leading to non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

• Infection

• Inflammation

• Tumor

• Heart failure

What is a key radiological feature of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

• Kerley B lines

• Increased lung volume

• Decreased cardiothoracic ratio

• Loss of pleural space

Which factor helps to keep the alveoli relatively dry?

• High hydrostatic pressure

• Continuous filtration of plasma fluid

• Negative interstitial hydrostatic pressure

• Increased permeability of capillaries