TECHNICAL TRANSLATION THEORIES AND MODELS

As Catford states, “the central problem of translation-practice is that of finding TL _____________. A central task of translation theory is that of defining the nature and conditions of translation equivalence.”

• Source text(ST)

• Translation

• Expression function

• Equivalents

a-____________________________________________

This model proposed two main strategies are Direct and Oblique translation also known as Literal vs. Free translation. The two comprised of seven out of which Direct covers three. Borrowing. The SL word is transferred directly to the TL. Word originated in one language is also used in another language.

• Option, markedness and stylistic shifts in translation               

       

          

       

• -Catford model 

• -Vinay and Darbelnet’s model,

• -The cognitive process of translation,

Nida defines ______________ as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” (Nida, 1982, p. 12)

• Translation

• Functional Equivalence

• Target culture

• target language

It seeks to be transparent to the original text as structure as meaning.____________

• Humanism and the Protestant Reformation     

• John Dryden theory

• Word-for-word’

• ‘sense-for-sense’

In her view it is the text rather than word or the sentence where communication is achieved____________

• skopos theory

• text type

• translational model

• first and second are correct

Hermans (1996) speaks of the conscious and unconscious decision-making from the translator and the translator's “discursive presence” which are all conveyed in the linguistic choices that appear in the TT.

• Vinay and Darbelnet’s model,    

              

• Catford and translation shifts

• Option, markedness and stylistic shifts in translation   

• cognitive process of translation

One of his translation categories refers to imitation”: forsaking both words and sense; this corresponds to Cowley’s very free translation, that today

would be known as adaptation.

• Humanism and the Protestant Reformation     

• John Dryden theory

• Word-for-word

• ‘sense-for-sense

-It can be concluded that Jakobson´s theory essentialy based on his semiotic approach to translation according to which the translator has to recode the ST message first and then he has to transmit it into an equivalent message for the _____________

• target language(TT)

• Source text(ST)

• Equivalence

• functional language

TT must be coherent with ST

• SKOPOS THEORY

• TEXT TYPE

• TRANSLATIONAL MODEL

• ANY OF THEM IS CORRECT

The “function” in Nida’s _______________ refers to different pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and discourse, but with the same or similar EXPRESSION FUNCTION.

• NIDA´S SCIENCE

• TRANSLATION

• TARGET CULTURE

• FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE