VBT THEORY

The ligands are bonded to the central  atom via

• Ionic bonding

• Dative covalent bonding

• covalent bonding

Molecular shape that involve d2 sp3/sp3d2        hybrid orbital

• Octahedral

• Square planar

• Tetrahedral

Internal Orbital Complex

• use d  orbital with lower n energy rather than n with higher energy for orbital s and p.

• use d  orbital with higher n energy rather than n with lower energy for orbital s and p.

OUTER ORBITAL OCTAHEDRAL COMPLEXES exhibit

• Low spin

• High spin

INNER OCTAHEDRON ORBITAL COMPLEXES involve

• strong field ligand

• weak field ligand