Study Quiz for final exam

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

• Both have nucleotides, DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

• Both are types of proteins, DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is not

• Both can replicate independently, DNA uses thymine, RNA uses uracil

• Both are found only in animal cells, DNA transmits genetic information, RNA does not

Which of the following correctly describes the base pairing rules of DNA and provides an example of a strand of DNA with its complementary strand?

• Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine; Example: Strand: ATCG, Complementary: TAGC

• Adenine pairs with Cytosine, and Guanine pairs with Thymine; Example: Strand: ATCG, Complementary: CGTA

• Adenine pairs with Guanine, and Cytosine pairs with Thymine; Example: Strand: ATCG, Complementary: GCTA

• Adenine pairs with Uracil, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine; Example: Strand: ATCG, Complementary: UAGC

Draw the structure of a nucleotide and label the parts.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between purines and pyrimidines, including which nitrogen bases are which?

• Purines are double-ringed nitrogenous bases (adenine and guanine), while pyrimidines are single-ringed (cytosine, thymine, and uracil).

• Purines and pyrimidines are both single-ringed nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA.

• Purines are single-ringed nitrogenous bases (cytosine and thymine), while pyrimidines are double-ringed (adenine and guanine).

• Both purines and pyrimidines are double-ringed nitrogenous bases found only in DNA.

Explain, in detail, the structure of a DNA molecule.

• DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds.

• DNA is a single-stranded helix consisting of alternating sugars and phosphates.

• DNA molecules are composed of proteins and lipids forming a double helix.

• DNA is a complex molecule made of amino acids and forms the genetic material of most living organisms.

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

• RNA primase

Describe the difference between the leading strand and lagging strand.

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments.

• The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments, while the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

• Both strands are synthesized continuously.

• Both strands are synthesized in short fragments.

Explain why DNA replication is considered to be semi-conservative.

• Because each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand

• Because the entire DNA molecule is replicated anew

• Because DNA replication does not involve the original DNA strands

• Because DNA replication occurs without conserving the original DNA structure

Identify a nucleic acid as DNA or RNA based on a description or diagram.

Predict a consequence for an error made during DNA replication.

• Mutation leading to genetic disorders

• Increase in cellular energy

• Enhancement of DNA replication speed

• No consequence at all