Hydrosphere

Climate change has caused polar ice caps and glaciers to experience greater melting during the summer months. What effect could this have on coastal towns?

• Coastal towns could receive less rainfall if the polar ice caps and glaciers melt.

• Coastal towns would not be affected by melting of polar ice caps or glaciers.

• Coastal towns could be farther from the coast, because the ocean would recede if the polar ice caps and glaciers melt.

• Coastal towns could be flooded or even underwater if ocean levels rise enough.

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-2

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An increasing global population is putting greater stress on the supply of freshwater. Which process would increase the availability of freshwater?

• sedimentation

• condensation

• evaporation

• desalination

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

Which factor determines the amount of gas that can dissolve in ocean water?

• the motion of the air above the ocean water

• the temperature of the air above the ocean water

• the motion of the ocean water currents

• the temperature of the ocean water

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Phytoplankton are primary producers that live just below the ocean's surface. Why are phytoplankton important for the global environment?

• Phytoplankton lower the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide by absorbing carbon dioxide.

• Phytoplankton increase the acidity of ocean water by absorbing carbon dioxide.

• Phytoplankton reduce the effects of fossil fuel use by using sulfur oxides.

• Phytoplankton provide a protein source for animals by converting nitrogen to nitrogen oxides.

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Scientists theorized that all ecosystems need sunlight as an energy source. What has been discovered on the ocean floor that has challenged this theory?

• ecosystems based around hydrothermal vents that rely on the vents' heat and chemicals for energy

• ecosystems that get their energy from nuclear energy sources found on the ocean floor

• ecosystems that rely on energy from bottom-feeding fish

• ecosystems that do not need any energy source

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A scientist is testing the effect of a chemical, ammonia, on fresh water. The scientist collects water from a local lake and pours it into a large fish tank. Then, ammonia is allowed to drip into the fish tank at a constant rate. The table below shows the data from the experiment.

What can be concluded about ammonia from the data?

• Ammonia is an acid, and it can decrease the nitrate pollution in the lake.

• Ammonia is an acid, and it can increase the nitrate pollution in the lake.

• Ammonia is a base, and it can decrease the nitrate pollution in the lake.

• Ammonia is a base, and it can increase the nitrate pollution in the lake.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

The local government establishes the following policies for its community:

Encouraging local residents to plant drought-resistant plants, requiring that public buildings use faucets that automatically shut off, regulating how motor oil is disposed of, and installing remote water quality monitors in all local waterways.

What are these policies examples of?

• reusing, because the town is encouraging residents to reuse the water

• recycling, because the town is encouraging residents to use less water

• unfair laws, because people should be able to use water however they want

• stewardship, because the town is monitoring and protecting its water supply

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-3