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Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Tourism will always have an impact on the places visited. Sometimes the impact

is good, but often it is negative. For example, if lots of people visit one place, then

this can damage the environment. The question is - how can we minimize the

problems without preventing people from travelling and visiting places?

The main aim of ecotourism is to reduce the negative impact that tourism has on

the environment and local people. The idea is to encourage tourists to think about

what they do when they visit a place.

It's great to talk about protecting the environment, but how do you actually do

this? There are a number of key points. Tourists shouldn't drop litter, they should stay on the paths, they shouldn't interfere with wildlife and they should respect

local customs and traditions.

Some people see ecotourism as a contradiction. They say that any tourism needs

infrastructure - roads, airports and hotels. The more tourists that visit a place, the

more of these are needed and, by building more of these, you can't avoid damaging

the environment.

But, of course, things aren't so black and white. Living in a place of natural

beauty doesn't mean that you shouldn't benefit from things like better roads. As

long as the improvements benefit the local people and not just the tourists, and the

local communities are consulted on plans and changes, then is there really a

problem?

In 2002 the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of Ecotourism".

Over the past twenty years, more and more people have started taking

eco-holidays. In countries such as Ecuador, Nepal, Costa Rica and Kenya,

ecotourism represents a significant proportion of the tourist industry.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

• A brief introduction about ecotourism

• Some Dos for ecotourists

• Some Don'ts for ecotourists

• enefits and drawbacks of ecotoursim

...

2. In paragraph 1, the word "it" refers to ____.

• tourism

• environment

• impact

• damage

3. 3.According to the passage, what does the ecotourism aim at?

• stopping ecotourism altogether

• reducing the tourism problems

• preventing tourists from travelling

• finding a new form of tourism

4.According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned as an activity

to protect the environment?

• not littering

• not interfering with wildlife

• respecting local customs and traditions

• not hunting animals for food

5. In paragraph 4, the word "avoid" is closest in meaning to ____.

• present

• pretend

• Prevent

• protest

6. Which of the following is TRUE about the author's opinion?

• Building extra infrastructure in ecotourism areas must be prohibited.

• New infrastructure could be accepted as long as it also helps local

  people.

• Tourists are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure.

• Governments are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Ecotourism is a unique way for travellers to engage in sustainable tourism while

vacationing. Throughout the years, specific "Eco" organizations, including

Eco-resorts, wurs, and Non-Governmental Organizations, have developed across

the globe. This specific type of tourism is now increasingly becoming one of the

more popular, with growth rates increasing every year. The United Nations, aware

of the fact that tourism could be one of the most detrimental activities if not

planned in accordance with the threshold imposed by nature, has declared the

celebration of the International Day of Ecotourism, to promote sustainable

practices in this growing industry.

Recently, The Division for Sustainable Development, Small Island Developing

States Unit, decided that in preparation for the International Day of Ecotourism, it

would be beneficial to identify successful practices of ecotourism on small islands.

In order for ecotourism to be categorized as successful, it must meet the following

criteria: it must combine natural and cultural tourism; it must involve local

populations in the program, including providing educational resources to the local

community; it must identity, manage, and conserve the natural and cultural

environment, as well as the resources on the island; it must generate practices that will lead to the future sustainability of the island. If these criteria are followed by

an organization, it deserves to be recognized as successful.

In order to locate these certain organizations, the SIDS Unit started a thoughtful

internet search for ecotourism organizations. The focus was on four different

categories: Eco-resorts and hotels, Eco-tours, Non-Governmental Organizations

involved in ecotourism, and Government Codes of Conduct and Guidelines

regarding ecotourism for travellers. Once an Internet-site that filled the criteria was

located, further contact with the organizations was initiated, enabling us to obtain

further information directly from the source. Many of the organizations were

delighted to correspond with us and are eager to show all that their organization

has achieved.

The stories presented come from across the globe and vary in success levels.

While all of the organizations engage in practicing ecotourism, some focus in

different areas than others. This is due to a various number of reasons, including

the size of an organization, length of time the organization has been in existence,

amount of funding available, and economic/political situations occurring on the

island. However, it is important to recognize that although some ecotourism

organizations are more developed than others, the ultimate goal of sustainable

development, conservation and education through ecotourism remains consistent.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

• Ecotourism and its related issues

• Sustainable development

• Environment pollution and its causes

• Job opportunities for local people

2. In paragraph 1, the word "detrimental" is closest in meaning to ____.

• Constructive

• destructive

• supportive

• beneficial

3. Why has the United Nations declared the celebration of the International Day of

Ecotourism?

• to raise people's awareness about ecotourism

• to encourage more people to experience ecotourism

• to boost sustainable practices in ecotourism

• to stop ecotourism services completely

4. In paragraph 2, the word "categorized" is closest in meaning to ____.

• prioritized

• typified

• examined

• classified