WH Unit 2 pt1

Italian states were able to function independently because

• they were located on important trade routes.

• the Crusades enriched their treasuries.

• the Italian courts guaranteed their autonomy.

• Italy did not have a strong central government.

Leonardo da Vinci was a good example of Renaissance Italy's social ideal because he

• came from a wealthy family and improved his family's status in society.

• was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician.

• was a politician who initiated important public works projects.

In The Prince, Machiavelli argues that

• power has a corrupting influence.

• people have a basic desire to do good.

• the ends justify the means.

• a ruler should act virtuously.

The main way in which the works of Northern European Renaissance artists differed from those of Italian artists was in

• realism.

• scale.

• craftsmanship.

• use of color.

Martin Luther believed that salvation could be achieved through

• good works.

• the purchase of indulgences.

• faith alone.

• faith and good works.

The Catholic Reformation revitalized the Catholic Church by  

• rooting out corruption within the papacy.

• discrediting the Protestant movement.

• revoking the supreme leadership of the pope.

• reshaping many of the Catholic Church’s basic teachings.

Christian humanists believed that people would become more pious by  

• showing respect for sacred relics.

• fasting on major religious holidays.

• making pilgrimages to holy sites.

• reading fundamental works of Christianity.

Anabaptists were viewed as dangerous radicals because they believed that  

• early Christian practices should be abandoned.

• the state should not have any role in church affairs.

• priests were needed to interpret the Christian Bible correctly.

• only a chosen few in the community could become ministers.

By the end of King Philip II’s reign, Spain had

• become the wealthiest empire in the world.

• successfully invaded England.

• become the most populous empire in the world.

• successfully converted all Protestants.

James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is the idea that kings

• were equal to God and therefore did not have to live by the laws of the Church.

• were granted the wisdom of God upon assuming the throne and therefore was faultless.

• could know the mind of God and therefore could determine the future through divination.

• received their power from God and were responsible only to God.