lecture 1 material

What is the main principle that the progress in the field of materials has resulted from?

• Shape of the material

• Color of the material

• Size of the material

• Internal structure of a material

What is the term used for the gross structure of a material visible to the human eye?

• Nanostructure

• Microstructure

• Mesostructure

• Macrostructure

Which technique is used to study the microstructure of concrete by magnifying a portion of the macrostructure?

• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

• X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)

• Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)

• Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

At the macroscopic level, concrete can be considered as a two-phase material consisting of aggregate particles dispersed in a matrix of what?

• Water

• Sand

• Cement paste

• Air

Which compound in cement provides early strength development and usually reacts by 28 days?

• Tricalcium aluminate (C3A)

• Dicalcium silicate (C2S)

• Tricalcium silicate (C3S)

• Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF)

What is the term used for the rate of hydration of cement compounds in portland cement paste?

• Hydration rate

• Compressive strength development

• Degree of hydration

• Strength and durability

Which compound in cement provides late strength development and usually reacts by 28 days?

• Dicalcium silicate (C2S)

• Tricalcium aluminate (C3A)

• Tricalcium silicate (C3S)

• Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF)

What is the main goal of designing concrete structures according to the text?

• Achieve expected service lives with minimum repair/maintenance

• Achieve maximum strength with frequent repair/maintenance

• Achieve aesthetic appeal with no regard to durability

• Achieve low cost with no consideration for safety

What is the term used for the microscopically magnified portion of a macrostructure?

• Mesostructure

• Microstructure

• Macrostructure

• Nanostructure

What is the term used for the process of cement compounds reacting with water to form a solid mass?

• Hydration

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Sublimation