Ecology Ecosystems

What is ecology defined as:

• The study of how organisms reproduce

• The study of how organisms relate to each other and their environments

• The study of how populations change over time

• The study of how organisms consume resources

Which of the following is NOT listed as a key element of the environment?

• Temperature

• Water

• Sunlight

• Oxygen

Which of these is an example of a morphological adaptations

• Moving habitats

• Sweating

• Thick fur coat in winter

• Increased erythrocyte production

Demography specifically studies:

• How population size changes over time

• How organisms behave in their environment

• Interactions between different species

• Physiological responses to environmental changes

According to the document, which is true about the world's population growth rate?

• It peaked in 2015 at 2.0%

• It has remained constant since 1965

• It was declining but increased again after 2015

• It peaked in 1965-1970 and has been declining since

What is the number of different species present in a community called?

• Primary productivity

• Species richness

• Fundamental niche

• Realized niche

Which type of competition involves physical interactions over access to resources?

• Exploitative competition

• Interference competition

• Interspecific competition

• Intraspecific competition

Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical defense mechanism used by plants against herbivory?

• Oils

• Chemicals to attract predators to eat the herbivores

• Thorns

• Poison milky sap

In the mutualistic relationship between ants and acacias, what do the acacias provide to the ants?

• Hollow thorns and food

• Protection from herbivores

• A place to lay eggs

Which type of species benefits one species at the expense of the other?

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Parasitism

• Predation