Affirmative Action Quiz

What is the primary goal of affirmative action as discussed in the document?

• To enforce strict racial quotas in employment and education

• To diversify institutions by race, gender, or otherwise

• To decrease government intervention in private businesses

• To eliminate all forms of discrimination immediately

Which U.S. President issued an executive order requiring federal contractors to take affirmative action?

• President Kennedy

• President Johnson

• President Nixon

• President Reagan

According to the document, what is a major controversy surrounding affirmative action?

• Its ability to enforce equality in salaries

• Its potential to ignore economic disparities

• Its debate over the effectiveness in reducing racial bias

• Its role in perpetuating racial stereotypes

Which landmark decision is suggested that government and institutions should follow, according to one school of thought mentioned in the document?

• Plessy v. Ferguson

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Roe v. Wade

• Marbury v. Madison

What was the primary issue addressed in the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case of 1978?

• The legality of using race as a factor in college admissions

• The number of students that UC Davis could admit each year

• The financial aid policies for minority students

• The hiring practices of the university faculty

What did Allan Bakke argue in his lawsuit against UC Davis?

• That the university's admission policy was financially biased

• That the university violated the equal protection clause by denying him admission based on race

• That the test scores required for admission were too high

• That the university had a quota system for faculty positions

How do some institutions refer to numeric standards used in admissions or hiring when aiming for diversity?

• Benchmarks

• Objectives

• Targets

• Goals

According to the text, what is the stance of some Supreme Court justices on affirmative action?

• They believe it should be used only when it benefits the majority

• They insist that the Constitution is colorblind and oppose racial classifications

• They support affirmative action in all forms

• They are indifferent to the use of affirmative action

What was the primary outcome of the Bakke case regarding affirmative action?

• It established mandatory quotas for all government institutions.

• It declared all forms of affirmative action unconstitutional.

• It upheld affirmative action but ruled out fixed numeric quotas.

• It allowed unrestricted use of race in college admissions.

In the 2016 Supreme Court ruling, under what condition were race-based admissions at the University of Texas deemed permissible?

• Only if they included fixed quotas for minorities.

• Under a standard of strict judicial scrutiny.

• Without any judicial oversight.

• If they provided equal points to all ethnic groups.