Understanding Mutations: A Genetic Exploration

What are the two types of nucleic acids mentioned that can mutate?

• Proteins and Lipids

• Amino acids and Fatty acids

• RNA and DNA

• Carbohydrates and Enzymes

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Which type of mutation does not change the amino acid despite a base alteration?

• Frameshift mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

What can increase the likelihood of mutations occurring?

• Excessive radiation

• Nutrient-rich environments

• Stable temperatures

• Proper DNA replication

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that reverses the DNA sequence

• A mutation that does not affect the protein

• Insertion or deletion of a base causing a shift in the reading frame

• A change in a single DNA base

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What is an example of a chromosomal mutation?

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Duplication

• Substitution

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What happens during nondisjunction?

• Genes are translocated

• DNA replicates without errors

• Chromosomes fail to separate completely

• Chromosomes are duplicated

How can fruit flies contribute to genetic studies?

• By having no mutations

• By being frequently studied for mutation inheritance

• Through their simple genetic makeup

• By having a long lifespan

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the genetic basis of sickle cell anemia?

• Mutation in the gene coding for hemoglobin

• Duplication of hemoglobin gene

• Inversion of DNA segments

• Deletion of a chromosome

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What advantage do carriers of the sickle cell trait have?

• Increased oxygen levels

• Protection against malaria

• Enhanced athletic ability

• Resistance to diabetes

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What role do genetic counselors play?

• They treat genetic disorders

• They help families understand genetic risks

• They study mutations in fruit flies

• They modify genes in embryos