Development - AP psych

What is the main idea of the following passage? 'In the field of psychology, development refers to the changes that occur over the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, and social growth.'

• Development is only about physical growth.

• Development includes changes in various aspects of life.

• Development is unrelated to psychology.

• Development stops after adolescence.

Understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view is called

• mental representation

• deep structure

• a schema

• object permanence

• assimilation

A young child shown a nine-inch round bowl and a six-inch round bowl containing equal amounts of popcorn says he is certain the smaller bowl has more popcorn than the larger bowl. This child has yet to acquire what Jean Piaget called

• object permanence

• equilibrium

• functional fixedness

• conservation

• circular reactions

The four stages of Piaget's cognitive development (in order) are:

• Sensory-motor, pre-operational, formal operational, concrete operational.

• Sensory-motor, formal operational, concrete operational, optional.

• Sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.

• Sensory-motor, abstract operational, logical operational, formal operational.

Object permanence can be defined as:

• Pieces of information continuing to be remembered.

• Events and ideas being permanently engrained in the mind.

• Objects continuing to exist even after they have left our perception.

• Believing you can see things that are not there.

The two key characteristics of the concrete operational stage (7 - 11 years) are:

• Conservation and classifying

• Classifying and concentration

• Conservation and concentration

• Classifying and categorising

Two key features of formal operational stage (11+) are:

• Abstract and logical thinking

• Concentrated and logical thinking

• Conservation and abstract thinking

• Logical and conservational thinking

Which of these are criticisms/weaknesses of Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development?

• Some babies/younger children have shown higher levels of cognitive development but are generalised by the theory.

• Theory fails to distinguish between 'competence' and 'performance'.

• Gives insufficient attention to social influences on performance.

• Children don't gain conservation until much later ages.

Taking in new information and fitting it into existing schemas

• Crystallized intelligence

• Fluid intelligence

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

Which of the following best describes a critical period?

• A moment in development where the infant is ready to talk

• Moments in time where individuals recognize the urge to urinate

• Developmental periods where individuals recall past events

• A time during development when the individual is ready to move to the next objective