Classical conditioning

What is learning according to the VCE?

• A temporary change in behavior due to experience

• The biological, cognitive, and social processes through which an individual makes meaning from their experiences

• A method of teaching and learning in educational settings

• The process of acquiring physical skills through practice

Which approach to learning involves classical conditioning?

• Cognitive approach

• Behaviourist approach

• Constructivist approach

• Humanistic approach

What does classical conditioning require?

• A conditioned stimulus being associated with a conditioned response

• A response being associated with a reinforcement

• An unconditioned stimulus being associated with an unconditioned response

• A neutral stimulus being associated with an unconditioned stimulus

What is the result of acquisition in classical conditioning?

• Decrease in the conditioned response over time

• Initial rapid learning that levels off after many trials

• A permanent and unchangeable conditioned response

• Immediate extinction of the conditioned response

What does extinction involve in the context of classical conditioning?

• Enhancing the conditioned response by introducing new stimuli

• Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly

• Increasing the frequency of the unconditioned stimulus

• Pairing two neutral stimuli together

What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

• A new response being learned without prior conditioning

• A permanent return of the conditioned response

• The introduction of a new conditioned stimulus

• The sudden reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of no training

What is stimulus generalization?

• A conditioned response occurs to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus

• A conditioned response occurs only to the exact conditioned stimulus

• A conditioned response is transferred to a higher cognitive function

• A conditioned response is suppressed by introducing a new stimulus

What is an example of discrimination in classical conditioning?

• Responding similarly to all conditioned stimuli

• Salivating only to a yellow circle, but not to an orange one

• Salivating to different tones of metronomes

• Developing a fear of all dogs after being attacked by one

Who is associated with the social learning theory?

• Skinner

• Pavlov

• Bandura

• Thorndike

What does the APA define learning as?

• The process of memorizing information

• The acquisition of novel information, behaviors, or abilities after experiences

• A method of teaching based on cognitive theories

• The biological changes that occur in the brain during schooling