iGCSE Coastal processes

What is the primary difference between constructive and destructive waves?

• Their frequency

• Their height and length

• Their impact on the coastline

• Their association with weather conditions

Which of the following is a characteristic of constructive waves?

• Strong backwash

• High frequency

• Steep beach profile

• Long swash

What is the primary process responsible for the formation of wave cut notches?

• Marine erosion

• Weathering

• Mass movement

• Oxidation

Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal erosion?

• Solution

• Corrasion

• Traction

• Saltation

What type of weathering involves the physical disintegration of rocks without any change to their chemical composition?

• Abrasion

• Chemical weathering

• Biological weathering

• Mechanical weathering

How does freeze-thaw weathering contribute to coastal erosion?

• By causing rocks to expand due to hydration

• By dissolving minerals in the rock

• By widening cracks through repeated freezing and thawing

• By reacting with minerals to form new compounds

Which type of weathering involves living organisms contributing to the breakdown of rocks?

• Salt weathering

• Oxidation

• Biological weathering

• Carbonation

Which type of mass movement is the slowest and occurs on gentle slopes?

• Sliding

• Rock falls

• Soil creep

• Slumping

What triggers slumping, a common mass movement along coasts?

• Heavy rainfall

• Strong constructive waves

• Steep cliffs

• Saltation

Which type of mass movement involves very rapid movements of rock blocks down a cliff face?

• Slumping

• Soil creep

• Rock falls

• Sliding