EOC Review

Which change in DNA will cause a heritable germline mutation?

• The sugar phosphate backbone of DNA in bone cells breaks due to exposure to X-rays.

• Thymine dimers form in the DNA of a skin cell due to exposure to UV light.

• A DNA replication error occurs in a sperm-producing cell.

• An error occurs during transcription of the DNA in a liver cell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A student is investigating how substrate concentration affects the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Which three variables should be kept constant in the setup of the student’s investigation?

• temperature of the reaction

• amount of enzyme

• amount of substrate

• amount of product

• pH of the reaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

A cell model is shown. Students were instructed to review the types and the number of structures that are present in the model. Which three cell types could be represented by the model? Pick up to 3 answers.

• human stem cell

• plant xylem cell

• bacterial cell

• sea urchin embryo cell

• mammalian white blood cell

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

This diagram illustrates the carbon cycle. Which change would lead to higher carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

• an increase in photosynthesis

• a decrease in animal respiration

• an increase in the burning of fossil fuels

• a decrease in the destruction of forests

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Photosynthetic Slugs – Part 1

The green sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, is a soft-bodied marine animal that lives off the eastern coast of North America in the Atlantic Ocean. The green sea slug feeds on algae. It is able to use chloroplasts from the algae, Vaucheria litorea, to perform photosynthesis and produce its own food. A young green sea slug is able to survive for nine months after feeding one time on V. litorea. It has been hypothesized that as the green sea slug feeds on V. litorea, it takes the chloroplasts from the algae. For the chloroplasts to continue working in the green sea slug, the green sea slug incorporates the algal genes that are needed to perform photosynthesis into its own DNA. This allows the green sea slug to produce the proteins needed for the chloroplasts to continue working due to common ancestry. A diagram of the life cycle for E. chlorotica is shown in the picture.

5. 5. Which statement best explains how the green sea slug is able to produce its own food?

• The slug is able to convert the oxygen needed for cellular respiration into glucose in the chloroplasts.

• The slug is able to store the algae within its body and use the glucose produced by the algae for cellular respiration.

• The slug is able to use the chloroplasts to make glucose molecules that it then uses for cellular respiration.

• The slug is able to perform cellular respiration to provide the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Photosynthetic Slugs – Part 1

The green sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, is a soft-bodied marine animal that lives off the eastern coast of North America in the Atlantic Ocean. The green sea slug feeds on algae. It is able to use chloroplasts from the algae, Vaucheria litorea, to perform photosynthesis and produce its own food. A young green sea slug is able to survive for nine months after feeding one time on V. litorea. It has been hypothesized that as the green sea slug feeds on V. litorea, it takes the chloroplasts from the algae. For the chloroplasts to continue working in the green sea slug, the green sea slug incorporates the algal genes that are needed to perform photosynthesis into its own DNA. This allows the green sea slug to produce the proteins needed for the chloroplasts to continue working due to common ancestry. A diagram of the life cycle for E. chlorotica is shown in the picture.

5. 6. Which property would give the green sea slug the capability to incorporate the genes of V. litorea into its own DNA?

• The green sea slug has the ability to replicate the algal DNA

• The green sea slug has the ability to change its DNA to match the algal DNA

• They both have the same number of chromosomes in their DNA.

• They both use the same nucleotides in their DNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

In the investigation of oxygen dynamics in E. chlorotica cultures, gross photosynthesis is reported after seven months in culture, even in the apparent absence of oxygen production. Which statement provides the best reasoning to explain this observation?

• The oxygen produced in photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis can be sustained in the absence of oxygen production.

• The plastids store oxygen for use in photosynthesis.

• The ability to carry out photosynthesis is transferred from the chloroplast to the mitochondria.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

An image of the carbon cycle is shown.

Which action could lead to a reduction in atmospheric carbon?

• using coal to power a factory

• burning logs in a fireplace

• animals eating mushrooms in a field

• humans planting trees in a forest

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

A model of a bee pollinating a flower is shown.

Bees cross-pollinate flowers when moving from flower to flower to obtain nectar. Bees use the collected nectar to create honey. Which three ecosystem services are best represented by this model?

• provisioning services: goods provided by or produced by ecosystems

• regulating services: benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem services

• cultural services: nonmaterial benefits from ecosystems

• supporting services: services necessary for production of other ecosystem services

• land use: clearing land for human housing development

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-4

A model of ecological succession is shown.

Which two natural events would lead to this type of succession? Pick up to 2 answers.

• clear-cutting of a forest

• wind damage from a hurricane

• lava flow from a volcano

• flooding with soil erosion

• retreat of a glacier

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5