Pre-AP World Unit 5 Learning Checkpoint 1 review

Source: Mary Wollstonecraft, British writer, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792

I firmly believe that most female follies proceed from the tyranny of men. Female cunning is produced by oppression.

Asserting the rights which women in common with men ought to contend for, I have not attempted to excuse women’s faults. I seek to prove them to be the natural consequence of their current education and station in society. If so, it is reasonable to suppose that they will change their character, and correct their vices and follies, when they are allowed to be free in a physical, moral, and civil sense.

Let woman share the rights and she will imitate the virtues of man, for she must either grow more perfect when emancipated or justify the authority that chains such a weak being to her duty.

The sentence below has two blanks, each with two choices that can be selected from a drop-down menu. Using the passage, complete the sentence below by selecting the best choice for each blank.

In the passage Wollstonecraft argues that​ ​ (a)   of women leads to ​ (b)  

• social and legal subordination
• Emancipation
• women’s weaknesses
• Female domination of Society

Source: Mary Wollstonecraft, British writer, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792

I firmly believe that most female follies proceed from the tyranny of men. Female cunning is produced by oppression.

Asserting the rights which women in common with men ought to contend for, I have not attempted to excuse women’s faults. I seek to prove them to be the natural consequence of their current education and station in society. If so, it is reasonable to suppose that they will change their character, and correct their vices and follies, when they are allowed to be free in a physical, moral, and civil sense.

Let woman share the rights and she will imitate the virtues of man, for she must either grow more perfect when emancipated or justify the authority that chains such a weak being to her duty.

Wollstonecraft’s appeal was strongly inspired by which political development?

• A period of religious reform that challenged the authority of established Christian churches

• The formulation of the idea of absolute monarchy

• Increasing demands for voting rights by members of the industrial working class

• A series of revolutions that successfully overthrew existing authorities

Source: Mary Wollstonecraft, British writer, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792

I firmly believe that most female follies proceed from the tyranny of men. Female cunning is produced by oppression.

Asserting the rights which women in common with men ought to contend for, I have not attempted to excuse women’s faults. I seek to prove them to be the natural consequence of their current education and station in society. If so, it is reasonable to suppose that they will change their character, and correct their vices and follies, when they are allowed to be free in a physical, moral, and civil sense.

Let woman share the rights and she will imitate the virtues of man, for she must either grow more perfect when emancipated or justify the authority that chains such a weak being to her duty.

Wollstonecraft’s goals for women most strongly show the influence of

• Renaissance ideas about the perfectibility of human beings.

• Scientific Revolution ideas about the importance of understanding the physical world.

• Enlightenment ideas of natural rights.

• socialist ideas about the overthrow of existing class hierarchies.

Peter Stearns, historian, The Industrial Revolution in World History, book published in 2013.

The industrial revolution was a global process from the [start]. It resulted from changes that had been occurring in global economic relations. Then it redefined those relations still further. . . .

The essence of the industrial revolution . . . was fairly simple. The industrial revolution consisted of the application of new sources of power to the production process. [It] achieved [this] with the equipment necessary to apply this power to manufacturing. And it consisted of an increased scale in human organization [and] coordination at levels preindustrial groups had rarely [imagined].

The industrial revolution progressively replaced humans and animals as the power sources of production with motors powered by fossil fuels. . . . The key invention was the steam engine, which harnessed the energy potential of coal. . . . Before the industrial revolution, almost all production in manufacturing and agriculture relied on equipment powered by people or draft animals, with some small assistance from waterwheels.

Question: The revolution described in the passage most directly led to which economic change?

• The establishment of the first overseas colonies by European states

• Laborers working within large factories supervised by centralized management

• Considerably greater social mobility for working-class families

• The increased availability of goods made by hand

Peter Stearns, historian, The Industrial Revolution in World History, book published in 2013.

The industrial revolution was a global process from the [start]. It resulted from changes that had been occurring in global economic relations. Then it redefined those relations still further. . . .

The essence of the industrial revolution . . . was fairly simple. The industrial revolution consisted of the application of new sources of power to the production process. [It] achieved [this] with the equipment necessary to apply this power to manufacturing. And it consisted of an increased scale in human organization [and] coordination at levels preindustrial groups had rarely [imagined].

The industrial revolution progressively replaced humans and animals as the power sources of production with motors powered by fossil fuels. . . . The key invention was the steam engine, which harnessed the energy potential of coal. . . . Before the industrial revolution, almost all production in manufacturing and agriculture relied on equipment powered by people or draft animals, with some small assistance from waterwheels.

Question:Which environmental change was the most direct result of the revolution described in the passage?

• Greater exploitation of natural resources through resource extraction

• A decrease in urban populations as workers moved to the countryside

• Improvements in the quality of air and water in urban areas

• An increase in the number of famines as food production declined

The sentence below has two blanks, each with two choices that can be selected from a drop-down menu. Using the images, complete the sentence below by selecting the best choice for each blank.

While both images show examples of employees using ​ ​ (a)   in their work, only Image 2 shows a workforce that is mostly ​ ​ ​ (b)  

• machines
• Made up of women
• Turbines
• Part of a Union

Which choice best describes how factories like the one shown in Image 1 changed by the end of the nineteenth century?

• Factories relied more on hand tools than on steam machinery.

• Factories shifted to producing iron in far greater quantities than steel.

• Factories increasingly used electricity to power their production.

• Factories increasingly utilized child labor for production.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, the process of industrialization first spread from the United Kingdom to

• Australia.

• East Asia.

• South Asia.

• Western Europe.

Which conclusion is most strongly supported by the table?

• Great Britain lost its lead in textile manufacturing by 1913.

• Russia did not experience significant growth in its textile industry in the period 1834 to 1913.

• Germany’s textile industry grew at a faster rate than France’s textile industry in the period 1834 to 1913.

• Great Britain led the world in manufacturing production by 1913.

The economic trends illustrated in the table most directly reflect which change in Russia?

• Russia’s population grew significantly due to settlement by Russian colonists in Siberia.

• European nations shared innovations with Russia in a spirit of economic cooperation.

• Russia undertook state reforms in the late nineteenth century to promote industrialization.

• Marxist ideas had a growing influence on the working class in Russia.