Chapter 16 Quiz

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What do IP3 and DAG have in common?

• They are both second messengers.
• They are both involved in muscle contraction.
• They are both found in the nucleus.
• They are both neurotransmitters.

What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous?

• Endogenous originates from within, exogenous originates from outside.
• Endogenous is a scientific term, exogenous is a philosophical term.
• Endogenous is the same as exogenous.
• Endogenous is external, exogenous is internal.

What is a key characteristic of GPCRs?

• Three transmembrane domains
• Five transmembrane domains
• Ten transmembrane domains
• Seven-pass transmembrane domains

Which type of cell-signaling occurs locally?

• Paracrine signaling
• Juxtacrine signaling
• Autocrine signaling
• Endocrine signaling

What does PDE5 do?

• PDE5 has no effect on cGMP levels

• PDE5 inhibits the breakdown of cGMP

• PDE5 stimulates the breakdown of cGMP

• PDE5 enhances the production of cGMP

What does binding a molecule to GTP do?

• Causes the molecule to detach from the cellular processes.
• Activates the molecule by providing energy for cellular processes.
• Inhibits the molecule by depleting energy reserves.
• Triggers a breakdown of the molecule into smaller components.

What is the largest family of cell-surface receptors?

• G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
• Intracellular receptors
• Ion channel receptors
• Tyrosine kinase receptors

What role does RTK play in gene expression?

• RTK inhibits gene expression by blocking transcription factors
• RTK directly binds to DNA to regulate gene expression
• RTK activates signaling pathways that regulate transcription factors and gene expression.
• RTK has no impact on gene expression

How do ligand-gated ion channels function?

• By directly binding to DNA to alter gene expression

• By opening or closing in response to a ligand binding, allowing ions to pass through

• By activating secondary messenger systems

• By transporting ligands across the cell membrane