What causes a dust explosion?

A) Rapid combustion of fine solid particles.

B) Formation of shock waves due to compression and heat.

C) Sudden release of large quantities of flammable liquid and vapor.

D) Failure of a pressurized vessel containing gas or liquid.

What does atmospheric stability refer to?

B) The vertical temperature gradient in the atmosphere

A) The resistance of the atmosphere to toxic releases

C) The ability of the atmosphere to dilute toxic materials

D) The horizontal movement of air in the atmosphere

Which of the following best describes a hazard in a chemical process plant?

Any potential source of harm, regardless of frequency or probability

Any condition that poses a risk to human health

Any event that causes damage to property or the environment

Any accident that occurs due to inadequate safety measures

What is the primary cause of damage in vapor cloud explosions?

C) Shock wave created from fast expansion of combustion products

A) Compression and heat due to mixing with combustion products

B) Rapid combustion of fine solid particles

D) Sudden release of large quantities of flammable liquid and vapor

Which method is used to estimate the power of a vapor cloud explosion by equating it to an equivalent mass of TNT?

B) Numerical 3D CFD computer models

Thermal hazards in a chemical process plant can result from:

Extreme temperatures in solids, liquids, or gases

What is the main advantage of the TNT method for estimating explosion overpressure?

D) It offers simplicity of use in calculations and characterization.

A) It calculates the time evolution of the explosion.

B) It accounts for the non-ideality of the explosion.

C) It considers the space configuration where the explosion takes place.

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the cloud expansion mechanism during an explosion?

A) Stage 5: Chemical energy transformation into mechanical energy

B) Stage 2: Wrinkled-flame front appearance

C) Stage 4: Formation of shock wave due to compression and heat

D) Stage 1: Laminar flame propagation

Which explosion model is based on turbulent analysis and empirical relations?

C) Numerical 3D CFD computer models

Which of the following is NOT a release mitigation measure for toxic releases?

A) Early Vapor Detection Sensors

C) Routine maintenance procedures

What factor affects the ground-level concentration of a dispersed plume?

D) Height of the release above ground

Loss prevention in chemical process plants primarily focuses on:

Identifying and mitigating hazards

Maximizing production efficiency

Which factor determines the effective release height of a toxic material?

C) Initial buoyancy and momentum

What is the primary purpose of release mitigation measures?

C) To reduce the risk of release incidents

D) To increase production efficiency

What incident is cited as an example of a toxic release in Seveso, Italy?

A) Release of material containing dioxin

B) Aerosol mixture containing potassium arsenite

C) Runaway reaction causing release of methyl isocyanate

D) Explosion resulting from inadequate emergency plan

What does a temperature inversion condition lead to?

B) Trapping of smoke and pollution

A) Rapid dispersion of toxic materials

D) Decreased atmospheric pressure

What is the primary cause identified for the Bhopal, India incident?

D) Inadequate employee training

What is a characteristic of a deflagration?

C) It occurs with a resulting shock wave moving at a speed less than the speed of sound.

A) It results in a shock wave moving at a speed greater than the speed of sound.

B) It involves an explosion with a flame speed of 500-1000 m/s.

D) It typically involves detonation of high explosives.

What is a potential cause of toxic release in a chemical plant?

C) Rupture of a process vessel due to excessive pressure from a runaway reaction

A) Lack of proper ventilation systems

D) Inadequate employee training

What is the primary cause of a dust explosion?

B) Rapid combustion of fine solid particles

A) Sudden release of large quantities of flammable liquid and vapor

C) Shock wave created from fast expansion of combustion products

D) Compression and heat due to mixing with combustion products

What is the main advantage of the TNT method for estimating explosion overpressure?

D) It offers simplicity of use in calculations and characterization.

A) It accounts for the non-ideality of the explosion.

B) It calculates the time evolution of the explosion.

C) It considers the space configuration where the explosion takes place.

Which explosion model estimates the power of a vapor cloud explosion by equating it to an equivalent mass of TNT?

B) Numerical 3D CFD computer models

Quiz on Hazards, Fire, and Explosion

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Other

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University

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Practice Problem

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Hard

Dinie Muhammad

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