LESSON 4

is a social construct that is sometimes

used interchangeably with society.

• language
• culture
• tradition
• economy

Culture varies from one society to another.

However, all cultures share patterns or traits

that are quite common to all societies across

the globe.

• ETHNOCENTRISM

• Cultural Universal

• CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

• CULTURE SHOCK

The belief that one’s

native culture is

superior to or the most

natural among other

cultures.

• Culturalism
• Ethnocentrism
• Xenocentrism
• Multiculturalism

However, a highly ethnocentric

person, when exposed to new cultures

may experience a

• discomfort, confusion, or hostility
• indifference
• curiosity
• culture shock

To avoid highlighting

personal biases and

assumptions in studying

culture, sociologists

have endeavored to

view other cultures as

neither inferior nor

superior.

• Cultural Relativism

• Cultural Universal

• Culture

• Society

The belief that one’s

native culture is

superior to or the most

natural among other

cultures.

• xenophobia
• ethnocentrism
• culturalism
• nationalism

usually has high

regard for other

cultures but disdains

his/her own or is

embarrassed by them

• xenocentrism

• ethnocentrism

• culture

• society

Our way of dressing is the most civilized and

proper fashion, and everyone should adopt it.

• ETHNOCENTRISM

• XENOCENTRISM

• CULTURAL RELATIVISM

I prefer foreign-made products over those

produced locally because they are more

sophisticated and of higher quality.

• XENOCENTRISM

• ETHNOCENTRISM

• CULTURAL RELATIVISM

In this culture, it is customary to bow as a sign of

respect, while in another culture, a handshake is

the norm. Both practices are valid ways of showing

respect.

• ETHNOCENTRISM

• XENOCENTRISM

• CULTURAL RELATIVSM