Acids and Bases

What is the pH range for acids?

• 0 to 6.9

• 2 to 6

• 0 to 8.5

• 1 to 7.9

Give an example of a strong acid.

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

• Nitric acid (HNO3)

Define a base in terms of the Arrhenius theory.

• A base is a substance that releases protons in water

• A base is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+)

• A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).

• A base is a substance that neutralizes acids

What is the product of a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?

• Water and a salt

• Nitrogen and sulfur

• Oxygen and hydrogen

• Carbon dioxide and water

Explain the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions.

• Endothermic reactions release heat, exothermic reactions absorb heat.

• Endothermic reactions release light, exothermic reactions absorb light.

• Endothermic reactions absorb light, exothermic reactions release light.

• Endothermic reactions absorb heat, exothermic reactions release heat.

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

• Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged.

• Matter can be destroyed in a chemical reaction

• Matter can be converted into energy in a chemical reaction

• Matter can be created in a chemical reaction

What is a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

• A catalyst is a substance that is consumed in the chemical reaction

• A catalyst is a substance that changes color during a chemical reaction

• A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

• A catalyst is a substance that slows down a chemical reaction

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

• Physical changes involve a change in state, while chemical changes do not.

• Chemical changes are always visible, while physical changes are not.

• The main difference is that physical changes are reversible, whereas chemical changes are not.

• Physical changes involve a change in color, while chemical changes do not.

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• Enzymes have no role in biological reactions.

• Enzymes slow down biological reactions by increasing activation energy.

• Enzymes speed up biological reactions by lowering activation energy.

• Enzymes cause biological reactions to stop completely.

What is the difference between an acid and a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory?

• An acid and a base both accept protons.

• An acid and a base both donate protons.

• An acid donates a proton and a base accepts a proton.

• An acid accepts a proton and a base donates a proton.