2024 - Psychology - U3O2 - Atkinson-Shiffrin

Dr Juc was investigating the impact of speed of delivery on the serial position effect using two groups. Group 1 was presented with a list of 30 words at a slow pace (one word every 5 seconds). Group 2 had the same list of words presented at a fast pace (one word every 0.5 seconds). Immediately following the presentation of the list, both groups completed a mathematical task for two minutes. Then, participants were instructed to type the words they remembered into a computer. The computer recorded the time taken by each participant to recall each word (called 'lapsed time'). How long will each word remain in Dr Juc’s participants’ sensory memory?

• A. 0.2–4 seconds

• B. 5–9 seconds

• C. 15–30 seconds

• D. potentially indefinitely

An experiment was conducted to explore if music affects memory. The investigation was undertaken over two days. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions given in the table below. In each condition, participants were asked to study a list of 80 words over a two-hour period. On day one, after participants had studied the 80 words, participants were provided with another list of 200 words. This list included the words that were on the original list mixed together with other words. Participants were instructed to circle the words that were on the original list. On day two, no additional information was provided, and participants were instructed to remember and write down as many of the words from the original list as possible.

With reference to the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory, outline three processes that occur as the memory of the words on the list transfers from sensory to long-term memory. (3 marks)

Justin is listening to the radio in his car when a 'guess the song' competition is announced. Justin thinks he knows the song, so he listens for the phone number to call. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory, how long will the phone number remain in Justin's short-term memory if he does not write the number down or engage in any other practices to remember it?

• 5–10 seconds

• 10–20 seconds

• 15–30 seconds

• 30–45 seconds

Justin is listening to the radio in his car when a 'guess the song' competition is announced. Justin thinks he knows the song, so he listens for the phone number to call. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory, when Justin wants to retrieve the phone number from long-term memory, the number will be

• recalled directly from long-term memory.

• moved from long-term memory to short-term memory.

• moved from long-term memory directly to sensory memory.

• moved from long-term memory to sensory memory, via short-term memory.

Jonas is at the shops. While he is there, he calls his father to ask if there is anything his father would like him to buy. Jonas's father gives him a list of eight items he would like Jonas to buy. Jonas continues to speak to his father about his plans for the day. Thirty seconds pass between Jonas hearing the list and writing it down. What is the likely outcome when Jonas writes down the list and why?

• Jonas remembers only the first few items.

• Jonas forgets all the items.

• Jonas forgets the middle few items.

• Jonas remembers all the items.

Which one of the following statements about memory is correct?

• The duration of short-term memory can be increased by chunking.

• The greatest number of items that can be held in short-term memory is nine.

• The capacity of short-term memory can be increased by using maintenance rehearsal.

• Short-term memory receives information from both sensory memory and long-term memory.

When Raafe learnt to type when he was a child, he used only the index finger on each hand to develop his skills. As an adult, Raafe applied for a job as an administrative assistant and needed to learn a technique called touch-typing, which uses all fingers on both hands. His touch-typing skills would be tested as part of the job selection process.

d) In which type of long-term memory is the skill of typing encoded and how might Raafe's behaviour demonstrate that the skill of typing is encoded in this type of memory? (2 marks)

Elijah paid careful attention to his friend making a funny video of her pet cat so that he could also make a funny video of his own cat, Kato. When Elijah posted a funny video of his cat Kato on social media, he received hundreds of likes in the first hour, which made him happy. Nadeem was asked to purchase 12 items from the bakery. On his way to the bakery, he tried to repeat the items over and over again in his head. When Nadeem arrived at the bakery, he could not remember all of the items. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory, the most likely reason Nadeem was unable to recall all of the items was due to limited

• rehearsal in his sensory memory.

• duration of his long-term memory.

• capacity of his short-term memory.

• retrieval from his implicit memory.

The multi-store model of memory can be used to explain how a person uses their knowledge of times tables to verbally answer a mathematics problem that is presented briefly on a computer screen. Which of the following identifies the memory stores used to complete the aspects of solving the problem? Look at the image to the right.

• sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

• short-term memory, sensory memory, long-term memory

• short-term memory, episodic memory, sensory memory

• sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory

‘Chunking’ is best described as a method of increasing the:

• duration of short-term memory.

• amount of space in short-term memory.

• speed of neural processing in short-term memory.

• amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory.