SCIENCE CFA (REVIEW)

What force of nature can form valleys, canyons, and caverns?

• air

• fire

• water

• wind

What does this fossil indicate?

• Starfish once lived on land.

• Morocco was once under water.

• The entire Earth was once under water.

• Starfish crawled from the ocean to the land for food.

A river created a canyon, causing rock layers from past environments to be seen. Scientists discoverfossils in the different rock layers, as shown.

Which table correctly identifies the past environments that occurred in this area using the fossils and the order in which the layers formed?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Which best explains why fossils of sea animals can be found on land?

• Sea animals learned to live on dry land.

• The land and fossils were once under water.

• There was more rainfall when the animals were alive.

• Sea animals were carried onto land by animals that ate them.

This canyon wall has many layers of rock.

Which process most likely formed the rock layers exposed in this canyon wall?

• deposition of sediment

• erosion by water

• weathering

• mudslides

The National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) published data on the quantity of soil eroded from croplands in the United States. What can be concluded from the data?

• Soil erosion was at a maximum in 1997.

• Soil erosion was at a minimum in 2002.

• Soil erosion increased every 5 years.

• Soil erosion decreased every 5 years

What is the correct order in which these processes change the structure of Earth's surface?

• weathering → erosion → deposition

• erosion → deposition → weathering

• deposition → weathering → erosion

• erosion → weathering → deposition

The image shows a location on Earth’s surface. What process most likely caused the cracks in the rocks?

• deposition

• landslide

• tides

• weathering

When cold weather freezes water in the cracks of rocks, which would most likely happen?

• The rocks would become rounded.

• The rocks would be used for shelter.

• The rocks would be moved by the wind.

• The rocks would break into smaller pieces.

Hannah plans to investigate the effect of plants on soil erosion. She horizontally tilts three similar bottles on a table and opens the bottles. Each bottle has a container hanging from its mouth to collect the water as shown in the diagram. Hannah performs the listed steps for her investigation. What correction is required in Hannah’s investigation?

• She should vary the sizes of the three bottles.

• She should place different quantities of soil in each bottle.

• She should add different amounts of water in each bottle.

• She should plant different numbers of plants in each bottle.