Gas Exchange

What is the main function of the human gas exchange system?

• To regulate body temperature

• To link the circulatory system with the digestive system

• To produce hormones

• To maximize the surface area for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?

• Larynx, trachea, bronchi

• Nose, nasal cavities, pharynx

• Trachea, bronchi, alveoli

• Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

• To produce mucus for protection

• To aid in digestion

• To increase air flow to the lungs

• To close and prevent food from entering the trachea

What is the role of smooth muscle in the trachea?

• To secrete mucus

• To prevent the trachea from collapsing

• To regulate blood flow

• To produce hormones

What is the function of goblet cells in the trachea?

• To produce mucus that traps dust and bacteria

• To regulate oxygen intake

• To regulate body temperature

• To transport nutrients

What is the main advantage of bronchioles being able to adjust their diameter?

• To increase blood flow

• To regulate hormone production

• To allow more air to reach the alveoli during exercise

• To aid in digestion

What is the function of type II pneumocytes in the alveoli?

• To secrete mucus

• To regulate blood pressure

• To produce surfactant to prevent alveoli collapse

• To transport oxygen

Answer explanation

Type II pneumocytes in the alveoli produce surfactant to prevent alveoli collapse, reducing surface tension and allowing for efficient gas exchange.

What is the purpose of the extensive network of capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

• To provide a surface for gas exchange

• To regulate hormone levels

• To produce antibodies

• To transport nutrients

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

How does the structure of alveoli contribute to efficient gas exchange?

• By having a thick epithelium

• By having a large surface area and thin walls

• By containing smooth muscle

• By being surrounded by cartilage

Answer explanation

Alveoli contribute to efficient gas exchange by having a large surface area and thin walls, allowing for maximum contact with blood vessels and easy diffusion of gases.

What is the role of the cilia in the bronchioles?

• To trap dust and bacteria

• To secrete mucus

• To produce hormones

• To regulate temperature