UNIT 1 Cell Injury & Adaptation

What is the definition of pathophysiology?

• The study of normal body functions

• The study of abnormal changes in body functions associated with disease or injury

• The study of plant physiology

• The study of psychological disorders

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What are the two main types of body cells?

• Muscle and nerve cells

• Epithelial and mesenchymal cells

• Blood and bone cells

• Epithelial and connective cells

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What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

• Energy production through oxidative phosphorylation

• Carbohydrate synthesis

• Lipid breakdown

• Protein synthesis

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What is the term used to describe the increase in cell size and consequently organ size?

• Hyperplasia

• Metaplasia

• Atrophy

• Hypertrophy

What is the main consequence of increased cytosolic calcium in a cell?

• Enhanced cell growth

• Increased protein synthesis

• Disruption of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins

• Decreased ATP production

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What is the primary cause of cell injury due to toxins and UV radiations?

• Free radicals

• Plasma membrane defects

• Increased cytosolic calcium

• Mitochondrial damage

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

• Maintaining cell osmolarity

• Transport processes

• Protein synthesis

• All of the above

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What is the definition of free radicals in cells?

• Stable, non-reactive chemical species

• Inactive molecules with no role in cell function

• Highly reactive species with paired electrons

• Unstable, highly reactive species with unpaired electrons

What is the difference between hypoxia and ischemia?

• Hypoxia refers to lack of blood flow, while ischemia refers to lack of oxygen

• Hypoxia refers to lack of oxygen, while ischemia refers to lack of blood flow

• Hypoxia affects the whole body, while ischemia affects a region of the body

• Hypoxia is caused by blood vessel problems, while ischemia is caused by environmental factors

What is the main consequence of defects in plasma membrane permeability in a cell?

• Increased ATP production

• Enhanced cell growth

• Release of cytochrome C into cytoplasm leading to cell death

• Improved protein synthesis