Cotton, Cattle, Railroads, and Westward Expansion

1. From 1860-1900 which of the following most characterized society in Texas?

• Drilling for oil and developing an export economy
• Cattle drives and wars with American Indian tribes
• Women and African Americans fighting for civil rights
• Independence from Mexico and democratic government

2. An end to the traditional lifestyle of many American Indians came about during Reconstruction when —

• a majority of the tribes adopted Christianity
• the last tribes moved westward to find buffalo
• a number of the tribes established large ranches
• the last bands of tribes were moved to reservations

3. Which nickname was given to the African American regiments of the U.S. Army that helped to keep the peace among American Indians in the West after the Civil War?

• Bucktails
• Buffalo Soldiers
• Red River Rebels
• Screaming Eagles

4. In addition to the availability of land, which factor facilitated the settlement of the Texas frontier?

• Increased investment in schools
• Demand for beef in eastern states
• Establishment of forts in West Texas
• Legislation passed to forbid use of barbed wire

5. How did the end of the Civil War affect the cattle industry?

• Much of the land used for grazing was destroyed in the war.
• Farmers had to move west and take land needed for grazing.
• The demand for beef in the East brought rapid growth to the industry.
• The loss in the Confederacy brought many cowboys to the cattle industry.

6. One way that Governor James Hogg worked to protect Texans from unfair business practice was by —

• prosecuting corrupt leaders in the oil industry
• working to bring an end to the range wars in West Texas
• supporting the creation of the Texas Railroad Commission
• signing legislation that established the Attorney General’s office

7. The range wars of the late 1800s in Texas were caused by —

• sharecroppers claiming public lands
• ranchers fencing land with barbed wire
• immigrants moving onto lands in West Texas
• railroad companies building on American Indian lands

8. Which statement best describes how climate affected economic development in West Texas?

• Constant threats of large thunderstorms make it difficult to farm in this area.
• The region is too dry to support farming so ranching became more prominent.
• The arid humid conditions made the region perfect for establishing cotton farms.
• Hurricanes damaged farms and railroads built in the area so few businesses located there.

9. One consequence of the use of barbed wired on the frontier of Texas included —

• the introduction of rodeos
• the end of the cattle drives
• a decline in the number of cattle ranches
• an increase in conflicts with American Indian tribes

10. The development of ranching in West Texas was primarily influenced by —

• politics
• railroads
• discovery of oil
• water resources