chapter 1_eng survey

What is surveying

• Surveying, the last step of starting a new civil engineering

• The making field measurement on the surface of the earth   based on bearing and distance.

• Survey field measurement includes horizontal distance only

• To produce  plans or maps of the area only

What is geodetic survey

• survey relatively small areas are under consideration and it is taken that the earth’s is flat

• Where measurement cover such a large part of the earth’s surface

• the first step of starting a new civil engineering project

• Area<250km2

There classification of survey, except

• Hydrographic survey

• Topographic survey

• Engineering survey

• plane survey

Select the modern instrument

• prismatic compass

• Dumpy level

• automatic level

• land chan

there are basic stage in survey operation except

• Reconnaissance

• Observations

• Field record

• Level the foot screw