Gastro

Inflammation of the blind sac at the end of the caecum, the most common cause of abdominal surgery in childhood.

• Gastroesophageal reflux

• Hernia

• Appendicitis

• Ulcerative colitis

Alteration in the frequency, consistency, or ease of passing stool.

• Constipation

• Obstipation

• Crohn disease

• Encopresis

Which of the following choices most accurately describes dehydration or fluid loss in infants and young children?

• In millilitres per kilogramme of body weight

• As a percentage of body weight lost

• By the amount of oedema present

• By the degree of skin elasticity

A priority goal in the management of acute diarrhoea is:

• determining the cause of the diarrhoea.

• preventing the spread of the infection.

• rehydration of the child.

• managing the fever associated with the diarrhea.

Which clinical manifestation would be the most sug-gestive of acute appendicitis?

• Abdominal pain relieved by eating

• Red, currant jelly–like stools

• Ribbon like, foul-smelling stools

• Abdominal pain most intense at McBurney point

To assess for the presence of a cleft palate, the nurse should:

• assess the infant’s ability to swallow.

• assess the colour of the infant’s oral mucosa.

• palpate the hard palate with a gloved finger.

• flick the infant’s foot and make it cry

One of the major problems for infants born with cleft lip and palate is related to:

• rejection by the mother.

• feeding problems despite normal swallowing.

• apnea and bradycardia.

• aspiration pneumonia.

Postoperative care for the infant with a cleft lip and palate repair would not include the strategy of:

• applying bilateral elbow immobilizers.

• application of petroleum jelly to surgical site.

• placing child in the upright infant seat position.

• vigorously suctioning the infant’s mouth for se-cretions.

A segment of the bowel invaginates into a more distal segment of the bowel, pulling the mesentery with it is called

• intussusception.

• pyloric stenosis.

• tracheoesophageal fistula.

• Hirschsprung disease.

A 5-month-old infant suspected of having intussus-ception would most likely have what clinical mani-festations?

• Crying, vomiting, and currant jelly–appearing stools

• Fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and decreased WBC

• Weight gain, constipation, and refusal to eat

• Abdominal distention, periodic pain, and hypo-tension