etAP gene regulation 2.8.24

What is gene regulation?

• The process of protein synthesis

• The process of DNA replication

• The process of cell division

• The process of controlling which genes in a cell's DNA are expressed

What determines the unique properties of a cell?

• The set of genes expressed in a cell

• The size of the cell

• The color of the cell

• The shape of the cell

What are some examples of information from inside the cell that can affect gene expression?

• Proteins inherited from its mother cell, DNA damage, and ATP levels

• Chemical signals from other cells, mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix, and nutrient levels

• Growth factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones

• Receptors, enzymes, and antibodies

How do cells convert information into a change in gene expression?

• Through molecular pathways

• Through changes in the cell's size

• Through physical changes in the DNA

• Through direct manipulation of the genes

What is the main control point for many genes in eukaryotic gene regulation?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Protein processing

• DNA replication

What is the difference between Eukaryotic gene regulation and Prokaryotic gene regulation?

• Presence of a cell wall and circular DNA

• Presence of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

• Presence of a nucleus and linear DNA

• Presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Where can repressors bind on DNA?

• Introns

• Promoters

• Enhancers

• Silencers

What is the role of growth factors in gene regulation?

• They activate transcription factors in the nucleus

• They regulate protein stability in the cytosol

• They inhibit the binding of transcription factors to DNA

• They directly promote translation of mRNAs

What can regulate the lifetime of an mRNA molecule in the cytosol?

• Small regulatory RNAs called miRNAs

• Transcription factors

• Ribosomes

• Chromatin structure

What is the process that makes different antibodies in immune cells?

• Chromatin accessibility

• DNA modification

• Protein processing

• RNA processing