Ion formation, ionic and metallic bonding

Valence electrons are those that are

• closest to the nucleus.

• freely floating between atoms.

• in the outermost energy level of the atom.

• unable to become involved in chemical bonding.

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Which of the following is not a way that ions can form?

• gaining electrons

• gaining protons

• losing electrons

• All of the above are ways that ions can form.

Oxygen has six valence electrons. When forming an ion, oxygen will

• lose six electrons and have a charge of +6.

• lose six electrons and have a charge of -6.

• gain two electrons and have a charge is +2.

• gain two electrons and have a charge of -2.

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Look at the periodic table. What should be the charge on the ion formed by calcium?

• +1

• +2

• -1

• -2

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Atoms that have gained electrons form

• cations.

• anions.

• negions.

• positrons.

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Most elements are most stable when their outermost energy levels contain ________ electrons.

• 2

• 6

• 8

• 18

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Look at the Periodic table. Which of the following elements would you expect to form an ion that has the same charge as the oxide (oxygen) ion?

• calcium

• boron

• sulfur

• chlorine

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Which of the following elements is an exception to the octet rule?

• helium

• oxygen

• chlorine

• magnesium

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Which of the following tend to gain electrons when forming ions?

• metalloids

• metals

• nonmetals

• cations

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Anions have

• gained electrons.

• lost electrons.

• gained protons.

• lost protons.

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