F.5 GCE Geography - Introduction to Geology

Geology means...

• The study of rocks and the Earth's physical structure.

• The study of earthquakes and volcanic activity.

• The study of fossils and ancient life forms.

• The study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and human activities and their interrelationships.

Answer explanation

The other definitions are for tectonics, archaeology, and geography.

Geomorphology means...

• The study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and human activities and their interrelationships.

• The study of the formation and evolution of landforms on the Earth's surface.

• The study of the Earth's systems, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy.

• The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment, including the interactions among living organisms and their interactions with the non-living components of their surroundings.

Answer explanation

The other meanings are for geography, earth science, and ecology.

What are the three types of rocks?

• Quartz, gypsum, slate

• Granite, shale, limestone

• Basalt, sandstone, marble

• Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Match the following types of rocks to their origin.

• Latin: Ignis (fire)

• Sedimentary

• Greek: Meta (change) and morpho (form)

• Igneous

• Latin: Sedere (settle/sit)

• Metamorphic

Match the following rock types to how they are formed.

• Formed from the alteration of existing rock through heat and pressure

• Igneous

• Formed from cooling and solidification of magma

• Sedimentary

• Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments

• Metamorphic

The rock cycle explains the formation of all 3 groups of rocks and how they link together and transform from one type to the other. Place the correct rock types in the diagram.

a

b

c

Sedimentary rock

Igneous rock

Metamorphic rock

(a)   igneous rocks are formed by magma that has erupted onto the surface as lava and then cooled quickly. ​ (b)   igneous rocks are formed by magma that has cooled slowly, deep underground.

• Extrusive
• Intrusive
• Tectonic

Show the order of the processes that make a sedimentary rock.

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks which change due to heat or pressure.

• True

• False

Show the order of the three stages involved in the formation of metamorphic rocks.

• 1. They do not melt, but the minerals they contain are changed chemically, and form metamorphic rocks.

• 1. Earth movements cause rocks to be deeply buried or compressed.

• 1. This causes the rocks to be heated and puts them under great pressure.