Sociocultural Theory

What is the function of language in cognitive development?

• Language is a tool for communication only.

• Language is a way to express reflections.

• Language is independent of learning.

• Language mediates thought and cognitive development.

According to Vygotsky, what is a "sign"?

• A physical object

• A universal language

• A symbol that represents something else

• A form of private speech

Which of the following is the primary factor responsible for learning?

• Genetics

• Individual cognition

• Social interactions

• Motor skills

What is the role of the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)?

• The MKO assists and supports the learner

• The MKO is being taught by the learner

• The MKO competes with the learner

• The MKO is wiser than the learner

How does "scaffolding" contribute to the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

• Scaffolding helps learners reach tasks just below their current level.

• Scaffolding restricts learners to tasks within their ZPD.

• Scaffolding helps learners reach tasks just below their current ability.

• Scaffolding is irrelevant to ZPD.

What does 'internalization' refer to?

• The externalization of thoughts and ideas

• The internal mental processing and adoption of external information

• The process of making cultural tools widely available

• The transformation of private speech into public communication

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

• The tasks a learner can do independently

• The tasks a learner can do with assistance

• The tasks a learner can do with anxiety

• The tasks a learner can do only with tools

What role does internalization play in cognitive development?

• It facilitates the transfer of knowledge from individuals to society

• It limits cognitive development by restricting external influences

• It involves the external expression of thoughts and ideas

• It eliminates the need for social interaction in learning

How does the concept of "sign" contribute to the development of higher mental functions?

• By replacing language as a means of communication

• By serving as a tool for the externalization of thoughts

• By eliminating the need for cultural tools in learning

• By mediating between the individual and the social environment

What is a key characteristic of effective scaffolding?

• Imposing rigid structures on learners

• Performing tasks for learners to demonstrate proficiency

• Minimizing interaction between the teacher and the learner

• Adapting support to the learner's current level of competence