Microbial Genetics

What are the two functions of DNA?

• To regulate body temperature and produce hormones

• To store genetic information and regulate protein synthesis

• To direct and regulate the construction of proteins

• To store energy and nutrients

Distinguish between the genotype and phenotype of a cell

• Genotype is the observable characteristics, while phenotype is the genetic material responsible for inheritance

• Genotype is the genetic material responsible for inheritance, while phenotype is the temporary copy of DNA

• Genotype is the full collection of genes a cell holds, while phenotype is the observable characteristics

• Genotype is the observable characteristics, while phenotype is the full collection of genes a cell holds

How can cells have the same genotype but differ in their phenotype?

• Due to differences in genetic makeup between human hosts

• Due to differences in susceptibility to infection between patients

• Due to the presence of a particular disease-causing allele in an individual

• Due to specific genes being expressed when the cell needs it

Why must DNA be semiconservative?

• To allow for rapid replication

• To ensure accurate transmission of genetic information

• To increase genetic diversity

• To prevent mutations

Which enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds holding the strands together so replication can occur?

• Ligase

• Primase

• Helicase

• DNA pol I

Is it the leading or lagging strand that is synthesized in the direction toward the opening of the replication fork?

• Both leading and lagging strands

• Leading strand

• Lagging strand

• Neither leading nor lagging strand

What is the agent of transduction of prokaryotic cells?

• Bacteriophages

• Plasmids

• Conjugation pilus

• Single Stranded Binding Proteins

Where does the transducing piece of DNA come from?

• From the bacteriophage

• From the recipient cell's chromosome

• From the host cell's chromosome

• From the environment

What type of replication occurs during conjugation?

• Replication does not occur during conjugation

• Conservative replication

• Semiconservative replication

• Dispersive replication

What types of traits are encoded on plasmids?

• Genes involved in virulence

• Antibiotic resistance genes

• All of the above

• Genes for toxin production