MIDTERM REVIEW :) - 1/12/24

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

• The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.

• Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.

• Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.

• The Columbian exchange occurred.

Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?

• Pax Romana

• Middle Ages

• Age of Exploration

• Scientific Revolution

Many European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to rule because they

• needed to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemisphere

• thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler

• had been given their power to govern from God

• thought that communism was the superior political system

Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in

• changing the relationship between people and their government

• supporting the divine right theory

• debating the role of the Church in society

• promoting increased powers for European monarchs

According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to

• protect natural rights

• fight territorial wars

• ensure the wealth of citizens

• redistribute land

European political thinkers who supported the Enlightenment believed that

• religious tolerance is a dangerous concept

• an absolute monarchy is the most effective government

• governments should protect the rights of the people

• civil liberties should be given as rewards for political loyalty.

Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the

• Industrial Revolution

• Scientific Revolution

• English Revolution

• Agricultural Revolution

One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that

• absolute monarchies should continue

• the punishment should fit the crime

• individual rights should be denied

• governments should be based on the consent of the people

During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they

• relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers

• favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions

• received support from the Catholic Church

• examined natural laws governing the universe

"When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates [government officials], there can be no liberty; because apprehensions [fears] may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner. . . . " - Baron de Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

• granting freedom of speech

• reinstating absolute monarchies

• separating the branches of government

• limiting natural laws