Chapter 8

children from different home languages may find English pronunciation of specific ________ difficult

• syntax

• phonemes

• morphemes

• semantics

Children's awareness of sound similarities and contrasts and their ability to focus on these similarities and contrasts are evident in their ______ ________.

When do children begin to show evidence of their phonological awareness?

• Reading

• Writing

• Oral communication

• non verbal communication

Is characterized by the use of written letters that that do not appear to have any relation to the specific sound usually associated with the letter

• Phonemic spelling

• transitional spelling

• Prephonemic spelling

• Letter-name spelling

What is Characterized by evidence that children are attempting to encode phonemes?

Refers to instances in which only one or two sounds per word are represented.

Each letter name is used to represent a sound.

• Letter-name spelling

• Transitional spelling

• Phonemic spelling

• Early phonemic spelling

It is characterized by words that, although not spelled conventionally, have conventional features and consonant/ vowel patterns.

Use two letters to represent one sound, such as "ph" in phone.

What grade do teachers focus on teacher-directed activities to increase focus on specific phonological awareness?

• First grade

• Pre-k

• Kindergarten

• Second grade