Revision for Chapter 5

Types of Data Integrity Controls - Hashing Algorithms

Hashing is a tool that ensures ____ _________ by taking binary data (the message)

and producing a fixed-length representation called the hash value or message digest.

Hashing is a one-way mathematical function that is relatively

____ __ _______, but significantly harder to reverse.

Grinding coffee beans is a good analogy of a one-way function.

It is easy to grind coffee beans, but it is almost impossible to put all of the

tiny pieces back together to rebuild the original beans.

A cryptographic hash function has the following properties:

1st property: The input can be any length.

2nd property: The output has a fixed length.

3rd property: The hash function is one way and is not reversible.

4th property: Two different input values will always result in _________ hash values.

A cryptographic hash function has the following properties:

1st property: The input can be any length.

2nd property: The output has a _____ length.

3rd property: The hash function is one way and is not reversible.

4th property: Two different input values will always result in different hash values.

There are many modern hashing algorithms widely used today. Two of the most popular are MD5 and SHA.

_______ ______ _ (MD5) Algorithm - is a hash algorithm developed by Ron Rivest that produces a 128-bit hash value.

There are many modern hashing algorithms widely used today. Two of the most popular are MD5 and SHA.
_____ ____ _________ (SHA) – was developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and can be implemented in different strengths:

SHA-224 (224 bit)

SHA-256 (256 bit)

SHA-384 (384 bit)

SHA-512 (512 bit)

Salting is a type of data integrity control use to make hashing more secure.

Describe the situation in which salting is used.

Answer: When the two users have the ____ password.

Random string of characters added to two similar passwords before

hashing resulting in the two passwords having a different hash result.

What is this Data Integrity Controls known as ________________?

• Hashing

• Salting

• HMAC

Answer explanation

It is relatively easy to compute but significantly harder to reverse.

What is this Data Integrity Controls known as ________________?

• Hashing

• Salting

• HMAC

Combines a cryptographic hash function with a secret key.

What is this Data Integrity Controls known as ________________?

• Hashing

• Salting

• HMAC

Answer explanation