B4 Key words quiz

The active movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration (up their concentration gradient) with the use of energy in the form of ATP.

• Facilitated diffusion

• Simple diffusion

• Osmosis

• Active transport

Marker molecule on the cell surface membrane (usually a protein or glycoprotein) that can be detected by antibodies and triggers an immune response.

• Antibody

• Antigen

• Receptor

• Cholesterol

Protein involved in active transport that uses energy in the form of ATP to change conformation.

• Carrier protein

• Channel protein

• Glycoprotein

• Aquaporin

Cells release chemicals which bind to complementary receptors on their target and trigger specific responses.

• Cell communication

• Cell signalling

• Cell recognition

• Cell division

A component on the cell membrane which binds to extracellular signals.

• Cell surface receptor

• Glycolipid

• Glycoprotein

• Receptacle

Transmembrane proteins for transporting large or charged substances. Some are involved in facilitated diffusion, some in active transport. Can be gated (e.g. voltage-gated, ligand-gated).

• Carrier proteins

• Channel proteins

• Plasmodesmata

• Glycoproteins

A lipid molecule that regulates membrane fluidity.

• Cholesterol

• Cellulose

• Phospholipids

• Glycolipids

The passive movement of substances from a higher concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient).

• Osmosis

• Active transport

• Diffusion

• Convection

A method of bulk transport into a cell which relies on invagination of the cell membrane and requires energy in the form of ATP.

• exocytosis

• endocytosis

• active transport

• facilitated diffusion

A method of bulk transport out of a cell which occurs when vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents. It requires energy in the form of ATP.

• exocytosis

• endocytosis

• active transport

• facilitated diffusion