Heat Rash & Bone

Heat  Rash

               Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is an itchy, red, pimply rash that may develop around your neck and on your chest, back, armpits, and groin in hot or humid weather particularly during exercise.  Babies who overheat because they are dressed too warmly or because of a fever, are particularly susceptible to heat rash.

               Sunburn is the result of overexposure to sunshine or to ultraviolet rays on a sunbed.  If you are mildly burnt you will have red, sore skin on areas such as your shoulders, arms, thighs, back, and nose, which may begin to itch and peel a few days later.  More severe case can cause blistering and pain.  Although you are most likely to burn in hot summer sun, you can also burn on an overcast day, in water, or at high altitudes, for example.  Babies, children, and fair-skinned people with red or blond hair and blue eyes are most at risk.

1. What does “susceptible” mean?

   

• 1. resistant 

• 2. sensitive

• 3. essential 

• 4. potential

Heat  Rash

               Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is an itchy, red, pimply rash that may develop around your neck and on your chest, back, armpits, and groin in hot or humid weather particularly during exercise.  Babies who overheat because they are dressed too warmly or because of a fever, are particularly susceptible to heat rash.

               Sunburn is the result of overexposure to sunshine or to ultraviolet rays on a sunbed.  If you are mildly burnt you will have red, sore skin on areas such as your shoulders, arms, thighs, back, and nose, which may begin to itch and peel a few days later.  More severe case can cause blistering and pain.  Although you are most likely to burn in hot summer sun, you can also burn on an overcast day, in water, or at high altitudes, for example.  Babies, children, and fair-skinned people with red or blond hair and blue eyes are most at risk.

2. What does “case” refer to?

 

   

• 1. heat rash case

• 2. fever case

• 3. pimply rash case

• 4. sunburn case

Heat  Rash

               Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is an itchy, red, pimply rash that may develop around your neck and on your chest, back, armpits, and groin in hot or humid weather particularly during exercise.  Babies who overheat because they are dressed too warmly or because of a fever, are particularly susceptible to heat rash.

               Sunburn is the result of overexposure to sunshine or to ultraviolet rays on a sunbed.  If you are mildly burnt you will have red, sore skin on areas such as your shoulders, arms, thighs, back, and nose, which may begin to itch and peel a few days later.  More severe case can cause blistering and pain.  Although you are most likely to burn in hot summer sun, you can also burn on an overcast day, in water, or at high altitudes, for example.  Babies, children, and fair-skinned people with red or blond hair and blue eyes are most at risk.

3. Which is not the possible cause of heat rash?

• 1. overcast weather 

• 2. a fever

• 3. hot or humid weather 

• 4. to dress too warmly

Heat  Rash

               Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is an itchy, red, pimply rash that may develop around your neck and on your chest, back, armpits, and groin in hot or humid weather particularly during exercise.  Babies who overheat because they are dressed too warmly or because of a fever, are particularly susceptible to heat rash.

               Sunburn is the result of overexposure to sunshine or to ultraviolet rays on a sunbed.  If you are mildly burnt you will have red, sore skin on areas such as your shoulders, arms, thighs, back, and nose, which may begin to itch and peel a few days later.  More severe case can cause blistering and pain.  Although you are most likely to burn in hot summer sun, you can also burn on an overcast day, in water, or at high altitudes, for example.  Babies, children, and fair-skinned people with red or blond hair and blue eyes are most at risk.

4. Which statement is true according to the passage?

   

• 1. Prickly heat is an itchy, red, pimply rash like heat rash but it is more severe.

• 2. Both red and sore skin are the signs of mild sunburn.

• 3. Heat rash at armpits rarely occurs in women. 

• 4. Heat rash at groin always develops in humid weather.

Heat  Rash

               Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is an itchy, red, pimply rash that may develop around your neck and on your chest, back, armpits, and groin in hot or humid weather particularly during exercise.  Babies who overheat because they are dressed too warmly or because of a fever, are particularly susceptible to heat rash.

               Sunburn is the result of overexposure to sunshine or to ultraviolet rays on a sunbed.  If you are mildly burnt you will have red, sore skin on areas such as your shoulders, arms, thighs, back, and nose, which may begin to itch and peel a few days later.  More severe case can cause blistering and pain.  Although you are most likely to burn in hot summer sun, you can also burn on an overcast day, in water, or at high altitudes, for example.  Babies, children, and fair-skinned people with red or blond hair and blue eyes are most at risk.

5. Who can be suffering from sunburn?

• 1. Linda lives in a cold and windy country. 

• 2. Mary has tan skin and blond hair.

• 3. Henry goes skiing on a high mountain for a whole day.

• 4. Deborah stays indoors in a hot summer day.

What Are Our Bones Made Of?

               The Strength of normal, healthy human bones is amazing.  They need to be strong because they form the framework, or skeleton, that supports the whole body.

               Bones are vary in shape and size according to the type of animal they belong to.  Fish and small birds have tiny bones, elephants have bones that weigh several hundred pounds.  All bones are made of the same substance.  Bone is hard grey-white substance, of which about two-thirds are mineral matter, mainly phosphate of lime.  This makes the bone hard, but at the same time, makes it more brittle.

               The remaining third of the bone is organic or animal matter.  This gives bones strength so that they won’t break easily.  In certain bones, there is a fatty substance called marrow.  This is organic matter with a very high food value.  There is also a small amount of water in bone, which dries out as the body grows older.  As this drying takes place and as the mineral matter in the bone increases, the bones then become more breakable and slower to heal.

              When you break a bone, it must be set.  This means it must be fastened firmly in its natural place, so that it can knit together.  The knitting is done by tiny cells known as osteoblasts.  They secrete a substance like lime which makes the bones hard and firm again.  These cells also help in the natural growth of bones.

               There are other cells called osteoblasts which break down old tissue, so that new growth is possible.  These two processes, building up and breaking down, are going on in the bones all the time.

6. What does “secrete” mean?

   

•  1. produce

• 2. dissolve

• 3. devastate    

• 4. precede

What Are Our Bones Made Of?

               The Strength of normal, healthy human bones is amazing.  They need to be strong because they form the framework, or skeleton, that supports the whole body.

               Bones are vary in shape and size according to the type of animal they belong to.  Fish and small birds have tiny bones, elephants have bones that weigh several hundred pounds.  All bones are made of the same substance.  Bone is hard grey-white substance, of which about two-thirds are mineral matter, mainly phosphate of lime.  This makes the bone hard, but at the same time, makes it more brittle.

               The remaining third of the bone is organic or animal matter.  This gives bones strength so that they won’t break easily.  In certain bones, there is a fatty substance called marrow.  This is organic matter with a very high food value.  There is also a small amount of water in bone, which dries out as the body grows older.  As this drying takes place and as the mineral matter in the bone increases, the bones then become more breakable and slower to heal.

              When you break a bone, it must be set.  This means it must be fastened firmly in its natural place, so that it can knit together.  The knitting is done by tiny cells known as osteoblasts.  They secrete a substance like lime which makes the bones hard and firm again.  These cells also help in the natural growth of bones.

               There are other cells called osteoblasts which break down old tissue, so that new growth is possible.  These two processes, building up and breaking down, are going on in the bones all the time.

7. What does “it” refer to?

   

•  1. mineral matter

• 2. a tiny bone

•     3. the bone

• 4. a piece of animal bone

What Are Our Bones Made Of?

               The Strength of normal, healthy human bones is amazing.  They need to be strong because they form the framework, or skeleton, that supports the whole body.

               Bones are vary in shape and size according to the type of animal they belong to.  Fish and small birds have tiny bones, elephants have bones that weigh several hundred pounds.  All bones are made of the same substance.  Bone is hard grey-white substance, of which about two-thirds are mineral matter, mainly phosphate of lime.  This makes the bone hard, but at the same time, makes it more brittle.

               The remaining third of the bone is organic or animal matter.  This gives bones strength so that they won’t break easily.  In certain bones, there is a fatty substance called marrow.  This is organic matter with a very high food value.  There is also a small amount of water in bone, which dries out as the body grows older.  As this drying takes place and as the mineral matter in the bone increases, the bones then become more breakable and slower to heal.

              When you break a bone, it must be set.  This means it must be fastened firmly in its natural place, so that it can knit together.  The knitting is done by tiny cells known as osteoblasts.  They secrete a substance like lime which makes the bones hard and firm again.  These cells also help in the natural growth of bones.

               There are other cells called osteoblasts which break down old tissue, so that new growth is possible.  These two processes, building up and breaking down, are going on in the bones all the time.

8. What can osteoblasts do?

• 1. They help in the natural growth of bones.   

• 2. They produce the mineral matter in bones.

•    3. They help join the broken bones.  

• 4. Both 1. and 3. are corrects.

What Are Our Bones Made Of?

               The Strength of normal, healthy human bones is amazing.  They need to be strong because they form the framework, or skeleton, that supports the whole body.

               Bones are vary in shape and size according to the type of animal they belong to.  Fish and small birds have tiny bones, elephants have bones that weigh several hundred pounds.  All bones are made of the same substance.  Bone is hard grey-white substance, of which about two-thirds are mineral matter, mainly phosphate of lime.  This makes the bone hard, but at the same time, makes it more brittle.

               The remaining third of the bone is organic or animal matter.  This gives bones strength so that they won’t break easily.  In certain bones, there is a fatty substance called marrow.  This is organic matter with a very high food value.  There is also a small amount of water in bone, which dries out as the body grows older.  As this drying takes place and as the mineral matter in the bone increases, the bones then become more breakable and slower to heal.

              When you break a bone, it must be set.  This means it must be fastened firmly in its natural place, so that it can knit together.  The knitting is done by tiny cells known as osteoblasts.  They secrete a substance like lime which makes the bones hard and firm again.  These cells also help in the natural growth of bones.

               There are other cells called osteoblasts which break down old tissue, so that new growth is possible.  These two processes, building up and breaking down, are going on in the bones all the time.

9. What are the substance that all bones are made of?

• 1. hard grey-white substance  

• 2. mineral and organic matters

•    3. mineral matters         

• 4. organic matters

What Are Our Bones Made Of?

               The Strength of normal, healthy human bones is amazing.  They need to be strong because they form the framework, or skeleton, that supports the whole body.

               Bones are vary in shape and size according to the type of animal they belong to.  Fish and small birds have tiny bones, elephants have bones that weigh several hundred pounds.  All bones are made of the same substance.  Bone is hard grey-white substance, of which about two-thirds are mineral matter, mainly phosphate of lime.  This makes the bone hard, but at the same time, makes it more brittle.

               The remaining third of the bone is organic or animal matter.  This gives bones strength so that they won’t break easily.  In certain bones, there is a fatty substance called marrow.  This is organic matter with a very high food value.  There is also a small amount of water in bone, which dries out as the body grows older.  As this drying takes place and as the mineral matter in the bone increases, the bones then become more breakable and slower to heal.

              When you break a bone, it must be set.  This means it must be fastened firmly in its natural place, so that it can knit together.  The knitting is done by tiny cells known as osteoblasts.  They secrete a substance like lime which makes the bones hard and firm again.  These cells also help in the natural growth of bones.

               There are other cells called osteoblasts which break down old tissue, so that new growth is possible.  These two processes, building up and breaking down, are going on in the bones all the time.

10. Which statement is not true according to the passage?

• 1. The processes of building up and breaking down occur in the bones all the time.

• 2. Mineral matter makes the bones hard and brittle.

• 3. As the body grows older, the water in bone dries out.   

• 4. Fatty substance called marrow is the major matter in all kinds of bones.