Questions for Topic 2A2 Notes

What are mutations?

• Changes in the genetic code of an organism

• Changes in the immune system

• Changes in the structure of proteins

• Changes in the RNA genome

What are codons?

• Segments of RNA read in three-letter sequences

• Segments of DNA read in three-letter sequences

• Segments of proteins read in three-letter sequences

• Segments of mRNA read in three-letter sequences

Which type of mutation changes one amino acid and usually has little to no effect?

• Nonsense mutation

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Missense mutation

What is the result of a nonsense mutation?

• No effect on the protein

• A change in one amino acid

• A stop codon and early termination of protein

• A frameshift in the DNA sequence

What is the lysogenic life cycle of a virus?

• The virus prevents the host immune system from detecting it

• The virus integrates into the host DNA and replicates along with it

• The virus assembles inside the host cell and kills it to escape

• The virus increases its ability to reproduce and infect cells

Which diseases are caused by phage-infected bacteria?

• Streptococcus infections, cholera, diphtheria

• Diphtheria, botulism, Staph infections

• Food poisoning, Streptococcus infections, cholera

• Diphtheria, botulism, Staph infections, food poisoning

What is the function of restriction enzymes in bacteria?

• To incorporate viral genomic material into the bacterial genome

• To protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes

• To recognize and get rid of viral sequences

• To prevent viral infection

How are restriction enzymes named?

• Based on the order in which they were discovered

• Based on the specific nucleotide pattern they recognize

• Based on the bacteria they were isolated from

• Based on the strain of bacteria they were isolated from

What is the purpose of a restriction digest?

• To cut source DNA and plasmid DNA with the same enzyme

• To mix DNA fragments

• To add DNA ligase to reform sugar phosphate bonds

• To protect bacterial DNA from restriction enzymes

What are plasmids?

• Circular pieces of DNA necessary for survival

• Circular pieces of DNA encoding antibiotic resistance genes

• Linear pieces of DNA encoding essential genes

• Linear pieces of DNA found in the bacterial genome