DEBio 14 DNA vocab quiz

What is the role of helicase during DNA replication?

• It synthesizes the RNA primer.

• It breaks hydrogen bonds to open the DNA helix.

• It joins Okazaki fragments.

• It maintains telomeres.

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Which enzyme is responsible for forming phosphodiester linkages between DNA fragments?

• Primase

• Ligase

• Helicase

• Topoisomerase

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During DNA replication, what is the function of single-strand binding proteins?

• They synthesize new DNA strands.

• They prevent damage and maintain stability of DNA.

• They unwind the DNA helix.

• They repair mismatched bases.

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Explain the difference between a transition substitution and a transversion substitution.

• Transition involves purine-purine or pyrimidine-pyrimidine replacement; transversion involves purine-pyrimidine replacement.

• Transition involves purine-pyrimidine replacement; transversion involves purine-purine or pyrimidine-pyrimidine replacement.

• Transition involves the addition of nucleotides; transversion involves the deletion of nucleotides.

• Transition involves the deletion of nucleotides; transversion involves the addition of nucleotides.

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What is the primary function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

• To synthesize RNA primers

• To maintain telomeres at chromosome ends

• To repair mismatched DNA bases

• To unwind the DNA helix

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Describe the process of transformation in bacterial cells.

• It is the process of DNA replication.

• It is the uptake of external DNA by a cell.

• It is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

• It is the repair of DNA damage.

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What is an Okazaki fragment?

• A short DNA fragment synthesized on the leading strand

• A short DNA fragment synthesized on the lagging strand

• A protein that binds to single-stranded DNA

• An enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix

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How does nucleotide excision repair differ from mismatch repair?

• Nucleotide excision repair removes a single base; mismatch repair removes a few nucleotides.

• Nucleotide excision repair removes a few nucleotides; mismatch repair removes a single base.

• Nucleotide excision repair occurs during replication; mismatch repair occurs after replication.

• Nucleotide excision repair occurs after replication; mismatch repair occurs during replication.

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What is a silent mutation?

• A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence

• A mutation that is not expressed

• A mutation that causes a frameshift

• A mutation that results in a stop codon

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Which strand is synthesized continuously during DNA replication?

• Lagging strand

• Leading strand

• Okazaki strand

• Primer strand

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