Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

What is the basic unit of heredity?

• Plasmids

• Genes

• Viruses

• Vectors

Which of the following is a common molecular vector used in genetic engineering?

• Plasmids

• Bacteriophages

• Restriction enzymes

• Polymerase Chain Reaction

What are plasmids?

• Circular DNA capable of replicating within bacteria cells

• Viral proteins

• Genetic material of retroviruses

• Fragments of DNA with cohesive ends

How do scientists produce insulin for Type 1 Diabetics?

• By engineering a human insulin gene and inserting it into a plasmid

• By using bacteriophages to infect bacteria cells

• By cutting DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes

• By replicating specific sequences of DNA using PCR

What is the composition of a virus?

• DNA or RNA core and a protein coat

• Double stranded circular DNA

• Unpaired nucleotides with cohesive ends

• Fragments of DNA with blunt ends

Are viruses considered living organisms?

• Yes

• No

• Partially

• It depends on the type of virus

How do viruses reproduce?

• By injecting their genetic material into a host cell

• By replicating independently

• By using reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy

• By integrating RNA into host cell DNA

What are bacteriophages?

• Viruses that infect bacteria cells

• Enzymes used to cut DNA into fragments

• DNA fragments with cohesive ends

• Proteins that determine if a genetic sequence has been successfully inserted

What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

• To cut DNA into fragments at specific nucleotide sequences

• To join DNA fragments together using DNA ligase

• To replicate specific sequences of DNA using PCR

• To identify individuals based on unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting

What is the technique used to replicate specific sequences of DNA?

• Polymerase Chain Reaction

• Gel electrophoresis

• Gene therapy

• Denaturation and annealing