MI 1.1.3 DNA Sequencing

Which of the following base pairs is matched correctly?

• Guanine and Thymine

• Cytosine and Adenine

• Adenine and Thymine

• Thymine and Cytosine

Which of the following statements are true about DNA structure?

• The DNA backbone ("sides of the ladder") is made up of sugars and phosphates.

• The sugars and phosphates make up the unique code of each gene.

• The DNA backbone is the same for every person.

• Bases and sugars pair together to form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder.

• The sequence of bases is unique for each person.

What is the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the process of sequencing DNA?

• To separate DNA fragments by size

• To synthesize copies of template DNA

• To change the structure of template DNA

• To terminate the elongation of a DNA strand

During PCR, what happens during the Denaturation step?

• DNA strands are separated according to size using gel electrophoresis.

• Primers form base pairs with the single-stranded template DNA.

• DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the primer to elongate the new strand.

• Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken using high heat to separate DNA strands.

During which PCR step do primers form complementary base pairs with single-stranded template DNA?

• Denaturation

• Annealing

• Extension

• Synthesis

Which part of Sanger (Cycle) Sequencing is NOT found in regular Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

• DNA polymerase

• Primers

• Deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs)

• Dideoxyribonucleotides (ddNTPs)

• DNA template

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

How are deoxyribonucleotides different from dideoxyribonucleotides? Choose all that apply.

• Deoxyribonucleotides are used in both PCR and Cycle Sequencing.

• Dideoxyribonucleotides are missing an OH group compared to deoxyribonucleotides.

• You cannot add new nucleotides to a deoxyribonucleotide.

• Deoxyribonucleotides are NOT found in natural living cells.

• Dideoxyribonucleotides are labeled with fluorescent tags.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How is DNA synthesis in PCR and Cycle Sequencing the SAME?

• Both require DNA polymerase.

• Both require primers.

• Both require deoxynucleotides (dNTPs).

• Both require dideoxynucleotides (dNTPs).

• Both generate new DNA products of equal length.

How is DNA synthesis in PCR and Cycle Sequencing DIFFERENT?

• Only PCR uses deoxynucleotides.

• Cycle Sequencing generates DNA products of different lengths.

• Only PCR analyzes DNA products using gel electrophoresis.

• Only Cycle Sequencing uses dideoxynucleotides.

DNA has a ___________ charge and will migrate through a gel towards the ___________ electrode.

• positive, negative

• positive, positive

• negative, positive

• negative, negative