Bio 140 Exam #2

the information archive in all organisms; consists of subunits called nucleotides

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

• Gene

the structure formed by two strands of complementary nucleotides that coil around each other

• double helix

• single helix

• supercoil

• scaffold

information carried in DNA and organized in the form of genes

• base

• genes

• genetic information

• replication

unit of heredity; the stretch of DNA that affects traits in an organism

• DNA

• genetic information

• phenotype

• genes

the process by which information encoded in DNA (genes) directs the synthesis of proteins and RNAs

• replication

• gene expression

• translation

• gene regulation

the ways in which cells control gene expression

• gene regulation

• gene expression

• genetic information

• translation

made of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and 1 or more phosphate groups; a constituent of nucleic acids

• base

• nucleotide

• purine

• phosphodiester bond

forms the backbone of DNA; each sugar is linked to the phosphate group of the neighboring nucleotide

• sugar

• base

• carbon

• phosphodiester bond

Consists of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine, uracil); each base is attached to the 1’ carbon of the sugar

• base

• adenine

• guanine

• phosphate groups

forms the backbone of DNA w/ 5-carbon sugar; phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

• pyrimidines

• phosphodiester bonds

• phosphate groups

• double helix