Charli's DNA terminology and concepts

A chromosome is

• A strand of RNA together with DNA

• a replicated strand of DNA, wrapped around specialised proteins called histones

• molecules within the DNA

• a single strand of unreplicated DNA wrapped around specialised proteins called histones

A chromatid is

• The coding section of the DNA

• The unraveled DNA within the nucleus

• Two strands of DNA held together by a centromere

• One of the two replicated DNA molecules within a chromosome

A centromere is

• A replicated chromosome

• A double strand of DNA

• Specialised proteins which the DNA winds around

• A protein which holds the two chromatids together

A Locus is

• Very nearly a Locust

• The position of a gene on a chromosome

• The position of the centromere

• A replicated strand of DNA

A nucleotide is

• Three nitrogen bases in a row

• The backbone of the DNA strand

• Sugar, phosphate and a hydrogen base

• Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base

DNA profiling

• is a banding pattern of DNA fragments

• Can be used to prove who committed the crime

• Can be used to determine paternity

• Can be done using red blood cells

DNA Polymerase

• Facilitates DNA replication

• Unwinds the DNA molecule

• Breaks up the DNA molecule into smaller pieces

• Manufactures RNA

Helicase

• Is a special kind of gene

• Unwinds the DNA

• Creates the DNA helix

• Copies the DNA strand

Restriction Enzymes

• Enzymes which restrict the length of the DNA

• Enzyme which breaks the DNA into pieces of equal length

• Enzymes which break the DNA into pieces of varying length

• Enzyme which joins DNA nucleotides

The Process by which the amount of DNA is amplified (made more)