Unit 8 Quiz Review

Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.

Normal hemoglobin: TGAGGTCTCCTC

Sicke-cell hemoglobin: TGAGGTCACCTC

This type of mutation depicted in this sequence is ____.

(a)  

• substitution
• deletion
• insertion

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Albumin is a protein that is secreted by liver cells and transported to the bloodstream. What factor most direcetly determines the amino acids that are combined to create albumin?

• The temperature of the cell when translation is taking place.

• The number of chromosomes in a cell

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• The amount of energy that is available in the cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The base sequence of a segment of DNA is shown. Which base sequence correctly completes DNA strand 2?

DNA Strand 1: 3' G C G T A C 5'

DNA Strand 2: 5' _ _ _ _ _ _3'

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA. The results provide evidence that --

• similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA

• fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits

• heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms

• the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which statement best describes a similarity among trees, cats, and amoebas?

• They are prokaryotic organisms.

• They are classified as members of the same kingdom

• They have genomes that consist of the same number of genes.

• They contain DNA composed of the same four types of nucleotides.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The initial steps in gene expression are modeled below. Double-stranded DNA first unwids into two strands. What process and product are represented in diagram 2?

Process: ​ (a)   ; product:​ (b)  

• transcription
• translation
• protein
• tRNA
• mRNA

A partial DNA segment and an mRNA codon chart are shown.

3' T C A T G C A T G 5'

What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

​ (a)   - ​ (b)   -​ (c)   ​

• Serine
• Threonine
• Tyrosine
• Methionine
• Alanine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

A model of transcription and a codon chart are shown. Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The Himalayan rabbit's habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was black and not white?

• The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperature.

• The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased.

• The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.

• White hair only grows during certain times of the year.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

E. coli has three genes that each code for different enzymes that break down lactose. Scientists conducted investigations about the production of these enzymes using samples of E. coli. Their results are shown in the table. Which conclusion about the production of the enzymes can be determined by analyzing the scientist' results?

• Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the temperature of lactose.

• The genes for the enzumes were expressed in equal amounts during both experiments.

• Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the presence of lactose.

• The genes for the enzymes were mutated before being expressed by the presence of lactose.