Research Hypotheses

What is the primary purpose of formulating a hypothesis in research?

• To summarize the research findings.

• To provide a clear research methodology.

• To generate a testable statement that guides the research.

• To prove a predetermined idea or theory.

Which type of hypothesis is based on existing theories or prior knowledge and serves to test a specific prediction derived from that theory?

• Directional (one-tailed) hypothesis.

• Non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis.

• Theory-driven hypothesis.

• Data-driven hypothesis.

What distinguishes a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis from a non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis?

• Directional hypotheses are based on data, while non-directional hypotheses are theory-driven.

• Directional hypotheses make a specific prediction about the direction of an effect, while non-directional hypotheses do not specify a direction.

• Directional hypotheses are always causal, while non-directional hypotheses are descriptive.

• Directional hypotheses are used in qualitative research, while non-directional hypotheses are used in quantitative research.

Which type of hypothesis seeks to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables?

• Directional (one-tailed) hypothesis.

• Non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis.

• Descriptive hypothesis.

• Causal hypothesis.

What is the process of forming a hypothesis based on observations and data collected during the research itself?

• Theory-driven hypothesis.

• Data-driven hypothesis.

• Descriptive hypothesis.

• Causal hypothesis.

What is the significance of conducting a literature review in research?

• To validate the research hypothesis

• To identify existing knowledge, understand the current state of research, and build a theoretical foundation.

• To summarize the research findings

• To gather primary data for the research

How does a null hypothesis differ from an alternative hypothesis?

• A null hypothesis assumes a positive relationship, while an alternative hypothesis assumes a negative relationship.

• A null hypothesis assumes a significant difference or relationship, while an alternative hypothesis suggests no significant difference or relationship.

• A null hypothesis assumes a significant difference, while an alternative hypothesis assumes no difference.

• A null hypothesis assumes no significant difference or relationship, while an alternative hypothesis suggests a significant difference or relationship.

What is the purpose of conducting a pilot study in research?

• To gather preliminary data for the main study.

• To test the feasibility of the research design, methods, and procedures before conducting the main study.

• To analyze the results of the main study.

• To select the participants for the main study.

What is the role of a research question in the research process?

• The role of a research question is to provide a summary of the research findings.

• The role of a research question is to limit the scope of the study and hinder the research process.

• The role of a research question is to guide the research process and provide a clear focus for the study.

• The role of a research question is to confuse the researcher and make the study more challenging.

How does a research hypothesis contribute to the scientific knowledge?

• By collecting data and conducting experiments.

• By confirming existing scientific theories.

• By summarizing previous research findings.

• By providing a testable explanation or prediction for a phenomenon or relationship.