3. Early Complex Life on Earth

What were the two microbial kingdoms that comprised life on Earth for the first 2 billion years?

• Bacteria and fungi

• Bacteria and archaea

• Archaea and fungi

• Archaea and plants

What is the theory about the origin of complex life on Earth?

• A rogue archaeon created a new type of cell

• Bacteria evolved into eukaryotes

• Archaea evolved into plants

• Fungi evolved into humans

What is the significance of the recent breakthrough in culturing an elusive species of archaea?

• It sheds new light on the evolution of bacteria

• It confirms the existence of eukaryotes

• It provides insight into early complex life on Earth

• It disproves the theory of evolution

Why has there been relatively little research on archaea?

• They are extinct

• They are difficult to grow in the lab

• They are not important for understanding evolution

• They are found only in hospitable environments

How long did the Japanese team spend on the project to culture the elusive species of archaea?

• 2 years

• 5 years

• 12 years

• 20 years

What was the fortuitous discovery made by a Dutch team while researching archaea?

• They found a new species of bacteria

• They discovered a hydrothermal vent

• They sequenced the genetic code of Asgard archaea

• They found evidence of complex life billions of years earlier

What did the genetic analysis of the Japanese team's samples reveal?

• The Asgard archaea are large complex cells

• The Asgard archaea are small simple cells

• The Asgard archaea are similar to bacteria

• The Asgard archaea are extinct

What is the role of mitochondria in complex cells?

• They act as an internal power supply

• They help with cell division

• They produce oxygen

• They protect the cell from pathogens

What is the suggested relationship between Asgard archaea and bacteria?

• They compete for resources

• They have a symbiotic relationship

• They are unrelated

• They are both types of eukaryotes

What is the significance of the recent work on Asgard archaea?

• It confirms the theory of evolution

• It disproves the theory of evolution

• It provides a clear picture of what the cell looks like

• It shows that complex life originated from fungi