APUSH 2.7 ~ Enlightenment and Great Awakening Quiz (Heimler)

What was the main emphasis of the Enlightenment movement in Europe?

• Tradition and faith

• Rational thinking and science

• Monarchy and divine right

• Superstition and folklore

Answer explanation

The Enlightenment, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was centered around ideas such as rational thinking, science, skepticism, and intellectual discourse, thus making 'Rational thinking and science' the correct answer.

According to John Locke's Two Treatises on Government, where do natural rights come from?

• Monarchs

• The people

• The Bible

• Tradition

Answer explanation

According to John Locke's Two Treatises on Government, natural rights do not come from monarchs, the people, or tradition. Instead, Locke argues that they come from the Bible. This is because Locke believed in God-given rights, which are inherently ours simply because we are human.

Who instilled the ideas of a government with three branches and the social contract?

• John Locke

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Voltaire

• Immanuel Kant

Answer explanation

The ideas of a government with three branches and the concept of a social contract were instilled by Jean Jacques Rousseau. He was a philosopher who greatly influenced modern political and social thought. His ideas form the foundation of democratic governance and civil society.

What undermined the authority of the Bible during the Enlightenment?

• Scientific inquiry

• Religious revival

• Colonial unity

• Monarchical rule

Answer explanation

During the Enlightenment, the authority of the Bible was significantly challenged by scientific inquiry. This era was marked by an unprecedented emphasis on reason and empirical evidence, which often clashed with traditional religious beliefs. Many enlightenment thinkers began to question the validity of biblical claims in the face of this scientific progress, thus undermining its authority.

What was the First Great Awakening?

• A scientific movement

• A political revolution

• A religious revival

• A social reform

Answer explanation

The First Great Awakening refers to a period of intense religious revivals in the American colonies in the 18th century. It was characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling and widespread evangelism. Therefore, 'A religious revival' is the correct option. This awakening wasn't a scientific movement, political revolution, or a social reform.

Who is known for the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"?

• John Locke

• Jonathan Edwards

• George Whitfield

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer explanation

The sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God' is widely known to be delivered by Jonathan Edwards. He was a prominent American revivalist preacher, philosopher, and theologian. His sermon became one of the most famous of the First Great Awakening, emphasizing the concept of God's retributive justice. None of the other options, John Locke, George Whitfield, or Jean Jacques Rousseau, are known for this particular sermon.

What did Enlightenment preachers emphasize from the New Testament?

• Wealth and prosperity

• Divine right of kings

• Democratic ideals

• Religious dogma

Answer explanation

During the Enlightenment period, preachers emphasized Democratic ideals from the New Testament. This focus was on individual freedoms, equality and rational thought, which are the key components of democracy. This is contrary to the emphasis on wealth, the divine right of kings or strict religious dogma.

What issue did Americans resent due to violations of their natural rights?

• Impressment

• Taxation without representation

• Religious persecution

• Censorship of the press

Answer explanation

The question asks about the issue that Americans were upset about because it violated their natural rights. Among the given options, 'Impressment' is the correct answer. It refers to the British naval practice of forcing American seamen into their navy, a direct violation of their natural rights to freedom and livelihood.

What led to more colonial resistance to Britain?

• Enlightenment ideas

• Colonial unity

• Threats of democracy

• All of the above

Answer explanation

All the options contributed to more colonial resistance to Britain. Enlightenment ideas spread the value of individual rights and sovereignty, leading to a desire for freedom. Colonial unity strengthened the opposition against British rule. Threats of democracy challenged the traditional authority of Britain. Therefore, all these factors together intensified the resistance.

What did the combination of Enlightenment ideas and colonial unity bring about?

• Religious freedom

• Economic prosperity

• Resistance to British rule

• Political stability

Answer explanation

The combination of Enlightenment ideas and colonial unity led to a growth of revolutionary ideologies which were against the British rule. The Enlightenment introduced the colonists to the idea of self-governance and individual rights, leading to resistance against British rule. Therefore, the correct choice is 'Resistance to British rule'.